Figure 3

NTHi lysate protects against S. pneumoniae pneumonia in the presence of non-protective allergic inflammation. (A) Survival of ovalbumin-sensitized mice seven days after challenge with S. pneumoniae (6.8 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) following inhalation of ovalbumin and/or NTHi lysate prior to challenge (7 mice/group, *p = 0.01). (B) Survival of ovalbumin-sensitized mice seven days after challenge with S. pneumoniae (2.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) following inhalation of ovalbumin and/or NTHi lysate, with or without inhaled ATP exposure prior to challenge (6 mice/group, *p < 0.05). (C) Bacterial counts of lung homogenates immediately after pneumococcal challenge (1.2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, with or without induction of allergic inflammation and/or secretion and protective lysate exposure (3 mice/group, *p < 0.001 compared to mice not receiving NTHi treatment, mean ± SEM). OVA: inhaled ovalbumin 3 d prior to infection; ATP: inhaled ATP 5 min prior to infection; NTHi: inhaled NTHi lysate 1 d prior to infection. Figures shown are representative of at least three experiments.