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Table 2 Summary of Significant Adverse Effects with Intervention Compared to Placebo/Control

From: Pharmacotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Event

Number of studies

Number of participants

RR

95% CI

Prostanoids*

    

   Jaw pain

5

893

4.87

2.01 to 11.76

   Diarrhea

4

826

2.62

1.40 to 4.89

   Peripheral edema

3

652

2.22

1.22 to 4.07

   Headache

4

782

1.96

1.10 to 3.47

   Nausea

5

893

1.57

1.23 to 2.00

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors*

    

   Visual disturbance

3

567

3.83

1.19 to 12.30

   Dyspepsia

3

567

3.77

1.92 to 7.43

   Flushing

3

567

2.11

1.31 to 3.39

   Headache

3

567

1.73

1.19 to 2.51

   Limb pain

3

567

1.67

1.10 to 2.53

  1. CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk
  2. * RR & 95% CI calculated for adverse events reported in three or more studies