From: Smoking-mediated up-regulation of GAD67 expression in the human airway epithelium
Large airways | Small airways | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Healthy nonsmokers | Healthy smokers | Healthy nonsmokers | Healthy smokers |
n | 21 | 31 | 47 | 58 |
Sex (male/female) | 15/6 | 21/10 | 33/14 | 38/20 |
Age (yr) | 41 ± 8 | 44 ± 7 | 42 ± 11 | 43 ± 7 |
Race (B/W/O)2 | 10/7/4 | 20/7/4 | 23/18/6 | 35/14/9 |
Smoking history (pack-yr) | 0 | 28 ±18 | 0 | 28 ± 17 |
Urine nicotine (ng/ml) | Negative | 746 ± 904 | Negative | 1298 ±1692 |
Urine cotinine (ng/ml) | Negative | 973 ± 690 | Negative | 1246 ± 974 |
Venous CO-Hb3 | 0.64 ± 0.93 | 2.0 ±1.9 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.9 |
Pulmonary function4 | ||||
   FVC | 106 ± 13 | 110 ± 11 | 107 ± 14 | 109 ± 13 |
   FEV1 | 107 ± 17 | 110 ± 12 | 106 ± 15 | 107 ± 14 |
   FEV1/FVC | 82 ± 5 | 81 ± 5 | 82 ± 6 | 80 ± 5 |
   TLC | 100 ± 14 | 103 ± 11 | 101 ±13 | 100 ±12 |
   DLCO | 101 ± 16 | 95 ± 11 | 99 ± 15 | 94 ± 11 |
Epithelial cells | ||||
Total number × 106 | 7.0 ± 3 | 7.0 ± 3.3 | 6.3 ± 2.9 | 7.2 ± 3.0 |
   % epithelial | 99.7 ± 0.6 | 99.8 ± 0.5 | 99.3 ± 1.1 | 99.1 ± 1.3 |
   % inflammatory | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.3 |
Differential cell count (%) | ||||
   Ciliated | 53.6 ± 6.6 | 47.8 ± 13.7 | 74.3 ± 7.4 | 65.7 ± 12.5 |
   Secretory | 10 ± 4.4 | 10 ± 4.1 | 6.6 ± 3.5 | 9.1 ± 4.5 |
   Basal | 22.4 ± 3.4 | 25.9 ± 9.9 | 11.1 ± 5.3 | 12.7 ± 6.7 |
   Undifferentiated | 14.1 ± 5.2 | 16.5 ± 8.9 | 7.3 ± 3.2 | 11.8 ± 6.7 |