From: Poverty, dirt, infections and non-atopic wheezing in children from a Brazilian urban center
Author, outcome, age group and study sample | Studied Variables | Atopic asthma/wheezing | Non atopic asthma/wheezing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Atopic asthma vs atopic non-asthma | Atopic asthma vs non-asthma irrespective of atopy | Atopic asthma vs non-atopic non-asthma | Non-atopic asthma vs non-atopic non-asthma | Non-atopic asthma" vs non-asthma irrespective of atopy |
 |  | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) or mean (sd) when indicated | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) or mean (sd) when indicated |
Rönmark et al, 1999 (7) | Male gender |  |  |  |  | 1.62 (1.03-2.54) |
"ever asthma" in 7-8 year olds 3,141 participants (2,149 skin tested) | Family history of asthma | Â | 2.95 (1.81-4.81) | Â | Â | 3.63 (2.33-5.66) |
 | Dampness at home |  |  |  |  | 1.78 (1.10-2.89) |
 | Mother smoker |  |  |  |  | 1.67 (1.04-2.68) |
 | Breast-feeding <3 months |  |  |  |  | 1.80 (1.11-2.92) |
 | Pets at home |  | 0.60 (0.36-0.98) |  |  |  |
Braun-Fahrländer et al, 2002 (20) asthma in 6-13 year olds | Endotoxin load | 0.52 (0.25-1.07)c |  |  | 1.00 (0.46-2.21)e |  |
 | (units/m2 of mattress surface) | 0.64 (0.33-1.25)d |  |  | 1.82 (1.04-3.18)f |  |
812 participants | Prevalence of outcome according to farming status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |    Farming | 3.1 (1.2-5.0)g |  |  | 1.6 (0.2-2.9)i |  |
 |  | 4.7 (2.4-7.0)h |  |  | 1.6 (0.2-2.9)l |  |
 |    Non farming | 5.9 (3.8-8.0)g |  |  | 2.6 (1.2-5.0)i |  |
 |  | 5.9 (3.8-8.0)h |  |  | 6.1 (4.0-8.2)l |  |
Priftanji et al, 2002 (8) | Mother had asthma | Â | 2.45 (1.06-5.66) | Â | Â | Â |
asthmatic symptoms in 20-44 year olds | Mother smoked | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.66 (1.35-5.26) |
717 participants | Subject ever smoked | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.98 (1.17-3.35) |
GarcÃa-Marcos et al, 2005 (9) current wheezing in 9-12 year olds 2,720 participants | Male gender | 1.53 (1.09-2.14) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Paternal or maternal asthma | 2.16 (1.44-3.22) |  |  | 1.74 (1.17-2.58) |  |
 | Mother smoker (1st year) |  |  |  | 2.66 (1.13-6.25) |  |
 | Mould stains currently |  |  |  |  |  |
Kelley et al, 2005 (10) asthma in 6-16 year olds | Mean PIR (Poverty/Income ratio)m | Â | 2.0 vs 2.2 (P < 0.5) | Â | Â | Â |
5,244 participants | Mean education level of adult respondent (years) | Â | 12.4 vs 12.0 (P < 0.5) | Â | Â | 12.2 vs 12.0 (P < 0.5) |
 | Mean BMI percentile |  |  |  |  | 68.5 vs 57.7 (P < 0.5) |
Janson et al, 2007 (11) asthma, 13-14 year olds | BMI (per 5 units increase) | Â | 1.62 (1.06-2.48) | Â | Â | 1.55 (1.02-2.36) |
901 participants | Parental asthma | Â | 2.16 (1.12-4.18) | Â | Â | 2.35 (1.23-4.52) |
 | Early life infections |  |  |  |  |  |
 |    Otitis (≥5/year) |  |  |  |  | 1.99 (1.02-3.88) |
 |    Croup |  |  |  |  | 2.80 (1.44-5.43) |
 | Cat or dog as infant |  |  |  |  | 2.17 (1.16-4.04) |
 | Window pane condensation |  |  |  |  | 2.45 (1.11-5.40) |
 | Dirty school |  |  |  |  | 2.50 (1.28-4.89) |
De Meer et al, 2009 (12) recent wheeze in 8-13 year olds 1,547 participants | High parental education | Â | Â | 0.89 (0.60-1.31) | 0.65 (0.43-0.99) | Â |
Kurukulaaratchy et al, 2010 (13) wheeze at 10 years of age 1,373 participants (1,036 skin tested) | Maternal asthma | Â | Â | Â | 4.08 (1.85-9.00) | Â |
 | Recurrent chest infection at 2 years |  |  |  | 3.99 (1.78-8.92) |  |
 | Sibling asthma |  |  | 2.10 (1.04-4.23) |  |  |
 | Eczema at 1 year |  |  | 2.80 (1.01-7.80) |  |  |
 | Rhinitis at 4 years |  |  | 4.74 (1.61-13.47) |  |  |
 | Male gender |  |  | 2.73 (1.36-5.48) |  |  |
Moncayo et al, (6) recent wheeze in 6-16 year olds 3,960 participants (3,821 skin tested) | Male gender | Â | Â | 2.73 (1.44-5.16) | Â | Â |
 | Heavy T. trichiura infection |  |  | 0.24 (0.09-0.63) |  |  |
 | Watching TV > 3 hrs/day |  |  |  | 1.51 (1.06-2.16) |  |
 | Maternal allergic diseases |  |  |  | 3.24 (2.42-4.32) |  |
 | Birth order ≥4 |  |  |  | 0.71 (0.57-0.88) |  |
 | Age ≥ 13 years |  |  |  | 0.39 (0.25-0.62) |  |