Regenerative defect in vastus lateralis muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 1 Subject characteristics

Characteristics	Control (n = 9)	COPD > 70 cm²(n = 11)	COPD < 70 cm²(n = 6)
Age (years)	63 ± 2.3	64 ± 2.3	70 ± 2.4
BMI (kg/m ² )	29.1 ± 2.4	28.1 ± 2.0	21.7 ± 2.6^b
FEV ₁ , L	3.3 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2^a	0.8 ± 0.1^a
FEV _1, % predicted	106.3 ± 4.1	36.0 ± 4.9^a	26.0 ± 3.8^a
FEV ₁ /FVC, %	76.0 ± 1.6	36.1 ± 1.8^a	29.0 ± 2.6^b
TLC, % predicted	98.6 ± 6.5	121.6 ± 6.6^a	125.7 ± 4.8^a
RV, % predicted	90.1 ± 15.3	173.2 ± 22.8^a	195.5 ± 22.9^a
DL _CO , % predicted	96.9 ± 3.2	57.4 ± 6.7^a	40.0 ± 2.8^b
MTCSA (cm ² )	120.3 ± 3.4	86.3 ± 4.2^a	60.8 ± 3.6^b
Type I fiber
Distribution, %	51.5 ± 5.7	34.7 ± 9.3^a	34.9 ± 3.5^a
CSA, (μm ² )	5170 ± 471	4711 ± 340	4883 ± 607
Type II fiber
Distribution, %	44.1 ± 5.7	65.4 ± 9.3^a	65.2 ± 3.5^a
CSA, (μm ² )	4216 ± 358	4359 ± 540	4096 ± 480

Values are means ± SEM.
^astatistically significant difference from control (p < 0.05).
^bstatistically significant difference from COPD > 70 cm² (p < 0.05).
Definition of abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, FEV₁ Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, TLC total lung capacity, RV Residual volume, DLCO Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, MTCSA Mid-thigh cross-sectional area, CSA Cross-sectional area.