Table 2 Demographic and physiological data across groups

Age (years)^‡‡‡‡

48.3 (3.9)

28.7 (1.5)^####

67.4 (1.1)^{####, ¥¥¥¥}

Sex (% male)

50

50

44

BMI (kg/m²)^‡‡‡‡

26.8 (1.2)

22.9 (0.5)^##

27.1 (0.7)^¥¥¥¥

FEV₁ (% pred.)^‡‡‡‡

113.3 (4.8)

65.9 (3.4)^####

82.0 (3.8)^{####, ¥¥}

FVC (% pred.)^‡‡‡‡

117.2 (5.6)

84.5 (3.0)^####

96.1 (3.4)^{##, ¥}

FEV₁/FVC (%)^‡‡‡‡

80.9 (1.0)

65.9 (1.8)^####

68.4 (1.7)^####

FRC_mbw (L)^‡‡

2.52 (0.19)

1.99 (0.09)^#

2.48 (0.10)^¥¥

LCI^‡‡‡‡

7.28 (0.27)

13.17 (0.56)^####

9.99 (0.31)^{##, ¥¥¥¥}

LCI_vent ^‡‡‡‡

1.20 (0.02)

1.65 (0.04)^####

1.42 (0.03)^{###, ¥¥¥¥}

LCI_ds ^‡‡‡‡

1.13 (0.01)

1.40 (0.03)^####

1.27 (0.02)^{###, ¥¥¥¥}

S_cond (L^‒1)^‡‡‡‡

0.033 (0.007)

0.131 (0.010)^####

0.064 (0.007)^¥¥¥¥

S_acin (L^‒1)^‡‡‡‡

0.118 (0.014)

0.509 (0.056)^####

0.373 (0.036)^##

S_cond* (L^‒1)^‡‡‡‡

0.097 (0.009)

0.308 (0.034)^####

0.107 (0.010)^¥¥¥¥

S_acin* (L^‒1)^‡‡‡‡

0.090 (0.012)

0.446 (0.054)^####

0.355 (0.037)^##