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Table 2 Comorbidities, disease impact and health-related quality-of-life stratified by history of GERD*

From: Impact of self-reported Gastroesophageal reflux disease in subjects from COPDGene cohort

 

GERD (n = 1,307)

No GERD (n=3,176)

Total (n = 4,483)

P-value

Comorbidities

Cardiovascular disease**

21.3

14.0

16.1

<0.0001

Congestive heart failure

5.7

4.1

4.6

0.01

Hypertension

55.7

45.2

48.3

<0.0001

Diabetes mellitus

13.5

11.7

12.3

0.08

Peripheral vascular disease

4.7

2.5

3.2

0.0001

Osteoporosis/Compression fractures

25.0

13.4

16.8

<0.0001

Any arthritis

28.6

15.8

19.5

<0.0001

Sleep apnea

22.2

13.5

16.1

<0.0001

2 or more modifiable risk factors***

60.5

50.5

53.4

<0.0001

Disease impact and health-related quality-of-life

Six minute walk distance (feet) [mean (s.d.)]

1,192 (392)

1,250 (413)

1,233 (408)

<0.0001

BODE [mean (s.d.)]

2.7 (2.0)

2.4 (2.1)

2.5 (2.1)

0.001

MMRC dyspnea score [mean (s.d.)]

2.2 (1.4)

1.8 (1.5)

1.9 (1.5)

<0.0001

SGRQ total score [mean (s.d.)]

41.8 (22.3)

34.9 (22.9)

36.9 (22.9)

<0.0001

SF-36 PCS

38.2 (10.4)

41.4 (11.2)

40.4 (11.0)

<0.0001

SF-36 MCS

48.0 (13.2)

49.1 (12.3)

48.8 (12.6)

0.07

Exacerbation in the year prior to enrollment [mean (s.d.)]

0.9 (1.3)

0.6 (1.1)

0.7 (1.2)

<0.0001

Hospitalized exacerbations in the year prior to enrollment (%)

22.0

18.6

19.5

0.008

Frequent exacerbator phenotype [>/=2 exacerbations per annum] (%)

22.5

12.9

15.7

<0.0001

Exacerbations per year during follow-up [mean (s.d.)]

0.9 (1.7)

0.6 (1.6)

0.7 (1.6)

<0.0001

Frequent exacerbator phenotype during follow-up [>/=2 exacerbations per annum] (%)

17.9

14.7

16.9

<0.0001

  1. *Percentages are presented; p-values represent chi-square comparison between groups.
  2. **As a combination of Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, and Stroke/TIA.
  3. ***Modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, current smoking, and BMI > 30.