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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 5706 patients with COPD in the UPLIFT® trial by clusters

From: Tiotropium might improve survival in subjects with COPD at high risk of mortality

 

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

 

n = 820

n = 2339

n = 1022

n = 1525

Variables used in the cluster analysis

Age (yrs)

66 (61–71)

67 (60–72)

63 (58–70)

63 (56–70)

BMI (kg/m2)

27 (24–30)

25 (23–28)

25 (22–29)

25 (22–29)

Smoking history (pack-years)

92 (80–110)

40 (30–50)

60 (47–70)

30 (20–35)

Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted)

49 (41–58)

55 (47–62)

36 (29–46)

43 (36–51)

SGRQ total score

40 (31–52)

34 (26–43)

60 (51–70)

55 (47–64)

Other variables

Gender, M/F (%)

86/14

75/25

76/23

65/35

Current smokers (%)

28

29

34

29

Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (%)

43 (36–51)

46 (40–54)

36 (30–45)

40 (34–48)

COPD duration (yrs)

8 (4–13)

8 (4–13)

8 (5–14)

9 (5–14)

Spirometric GOLD stage, n (% cluster) (% GOLD stage)

    

 GOLD stage 1

0

3 (0.1%)

0

0

 GOLD stage 2

408 (50%) (16%)

1,616 (69%) (61%)

192 (19%) (7%)

432 (28%) (16%)

 GOLD stage 3

372 (45%) (14%)

685 (29%) (27%)

561 (55%) (22%)

941 (62%) (36%)

 GOLD stage 4

40 (5%) (8%)

35 (2%) (7%)

269 (26%) (54%)

152 (10%) (31%)

Baseline medications (%)

    

 LABA

54

57

62

65

 ICS

54

60

65

66

 ICS + LABA

43

47

51

54

 Anticholinergic*

48

40

55

50

Comorbidities (%)

    

 Coronary artery disease

19

6

15

10

 Left heart failure

4

2

4

2

 Hypertension

47

16

38

25

 Diabetes

13

5

10

7

Randomization group

Tiotropium/control (n)

410/410

1176/1163

517/505

741/784

  1. *Short-acting.
  2. BMI = Body mass index, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV 1  = Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC = Forced vital capacity, GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, ICS = Inhaled corticosteroid, LABA = Long-acting β2-agonist, SGRQ = St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; UPLIFT® = Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium.