Associations between respiratory symptoms, lung function and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a population-based birth cohort

Table 4 Associations between reflux symptoms and respiratory outcomes in atopic and non-atopic Study members.

	Heartburn			Regurgitation			Heartburn and Regurgitation
	Non-atopic	Atopic		Non-atopic	Atopic		Non-atopic	Atopic
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	p-itn	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	p-itn	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	p-itn
Asthma	1.81 (0.64, 5.17)	1.96 (1.12, 3.44)	0.873	4.03 (1.11, 14.5)	2.54 (1.23, 5.24)	0.603	3.51 (0.80, 15.3)	3.16 (1.35, 7.38)	0.827
Wheeze	2.88 (1.40, 5.90)	1.30 (0.76, 2.20)	0.072	7.27 (2.23, 23.7)	1.93 (0.95, 3.93)	0.062	6.56 (1.68, 25.6)	2.54 (1.07, 6.00)	0.253
Cough	4.67 (1.98, 11.0)	1.46 (0.73, 2.92)	0.039	5.90 (1.94, 18.0)	2.88 (1.30, 6.38)	0.315	10.8 (3.02, 38.6)	2.87 (1.12, 7.34)	0.099
BDR	2.81 (0.70, 11.3)	2.08 (0.99, 4.36)	0.760	7.57 (1.76, 32.5)	1.76 (0.64, 4.86)	0.108	12.7 (2.71, 59.6)	2.08 (0.67, 6.50)	0.067
	Coeff (95% CI)	Coeff (95% CI)		Coeff (95% CI)	Coeff (95% CI)		Coeff (95% CI)	Coeff (95% CI)
FEV₁/FVC	0.80 (-1.24, 2.84)	-1.15 (-3.13, -0.82)	0.213	-2.43 (-5.37, 0.51)	-2.27 (-4.95, 0.41)	0.940	-1.91 (-5.34, -1.51)	-2.56 (-5.79, 0.66)	0.808

Non-atopic groups (n = 278) and atopic (n = 536) defined by skin-prick tests at age 21. The FEV₁/FVC ratio is analysed by linear regression. All other analyses use logistic regression. Analyses use the respiratory outcomes as the dependent variables and are adjusted for BMI and sex. OR = odds ratio, Coeff = coefficient, 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals, p-itn = p value for interaction between atopic status and reflux symptoms, BDR = 10% or greater increase in FEV₁ following salbutamol.

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