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Table 5 Prediction of reflux symptoms at age 26 years by history of airway hyperresponsiveness.

From: Associations between respiratory symptoms, lung function and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a population-based birth cohort

    

Heartburn

Regurgitation

Heartburn and regurgitation

Challenge agent

Age

n

% with AHR

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Methacholine*

9

716

16.9

1.40 (0.81, 2.43)

0.234

1.22 (0.55, 2.73)

0.623

1.51 (0.63, 3.61)

0.354

 

11

677

10.8

1.62 (0.84, 3.11)

0.150

1.89 (0.80, 4.48)

0.147

3.00 (1.22, 7.40)

0.017

 

13

637

8.3

1.63 (0.76, 3.51)

0.210

1.78 (0.66, 4.82)

0.253

2.92 (1.04, 8.17)

0.041

 

15

743

8.3

1.92 (1.00, 3.70)

0.051

2.94 (1.35, 6.42)

0.007

3.86 (1.66, 8.97)

0.002

 

21

795

7.7

2.59 (1.38, 4.85)

0.003

4.61 (2.26, 9.40)

<0.001

5.56 (2.53, 12.2)

<0.001

Salbutamol

18

758

7.8

1.01 (0.46, 2.21)

0.978

1.13 (0.39, 3.29)

0.818

1.14 (0.34, 3.85)

0.836

  1. At age 18 years, responsiveness to salbutamol bronchodilator was measured. At ages 9, 11, 13, 15 and 21 years responsiveness to methacholine was measured unless a low FEV1 precluded methacholine challenge. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was defined as a PC20 methacholine of 8 mg/mL or less or an increase in FEV1 of 10% or bronchodilator. OR = odds ratio, 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals. Analyses are by logistic regression using reflux symptoms as the dependent variables and are adjusted for sex.