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Figure 1 | Respiratory Research

Figure 1

From: NF-kappaB mediates the survival of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract

Figure 1

Effect of cigarette smoke on human bronchial epithelial cell DNA damage and survival. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to 10% cigarette smoke extract for 24 hours or to 0.5 μM camptothecin for 4 hours, respectively, in LHC-D/RPMI medium. Both floating and attached cells were harvested, combined and used for TUNEL assay (Panel A), DNA content profiling and cell cycle analysis (Panel B), COMET assay (Panel C) and colony formation assay (Panel D). Data presented in panels A, C and D is one representative experiment from at least 4 replicates in both BEAS-2B and HBEC cells. Panel B is an average of 8 different experiments for "control and CSE", and 4 different experiments for camptothecin (CPT) treated. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to control. Panel C: arrow heads indicate cells with DNA damage, and arrows indicate cells undergoing apoptosis with a typical fan-like tail and small head.

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