From: Alveolar epithelial type II cell: defender of the alveolus revisited
Function/product | Functional significance | Reference |
Surfactant | Â | Â |
   Synthesis |  |  |
   Components of surfactant |  |  |
Phospholipids | Surface activity | [186] |
Surfactant proteins | Â | Â |
A | Tubular myelin formation | |
 | Defence | [33] |
B | Absorption of lipid to monolayer | |
C | Â | [86] |
D | Defence | |
   Components secreted together with surfactant |  |  |
Lysozyme | Defence | |
Plasmalogens | Protection against oxidation | [192] |
Cathepsin H | Â | Â |
   Maturation |  |  |
Intracellular cathepsin H | Processing of SP-B | [194] |
 | Processing of SP-C | [50] |
   Secretion |  |  |
   Signal receptors |  |  |
β-adrenergic receptors |  | |
P1 purinoreceptors | Â | |
P2Y purinoreceptors | Â | |
   Components of exocytosis apparatus |  |  |
Microtubules | Â | [65] |
Actin | Â | [66] |
Annexin II | Â | [200] |
Annexin IV | Â | [201] |
Annexin VII (= Synexin) | Â | |
   Extracellular transformation |  |  |
α1-antitrypsin |  | [2048] |
Convertase | Conversion of lipid monolayer into vesicles | |
   Recycling |  |  |
Receptor of SP-A | Â | [206] |
Lamellar body lysosomal enzymes | Â | Â |
Alkaline phosphatase | Marker of type II cells | [207] |
α-glucosidase |  | [208] |
α-mannose |  | [208] |
Alveolar epithelial repair | Â | Â |
   Proliferation |  |  |
Cyclin A | Â | [209] |
Cyclins D1, D2 | Proliferation, differentiation | [210] |
Cyclin dependent phosphokinases | Proliferation, differentiation | [210] |
PTHRP | Inhibition of proliferation | [211] |
Calmodulin | Proliferation, differentiation | |
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein2 | G1-arrest | [214] |
   Differentiation |  |  |
Retinoic acid receptor | Inhibition of differentiation | [215] |
Aminopeptidase N | Â | [216] |
   Apoptosis |  |  |
CD95 (receptor of Fas-ligand) | Â | [134] |
Fas-ligand | Â | [138] |
Bax | Pro-apoptotic peptide | [217] |
Bcl-2 | Anti-apoptotic peptide | [138] |
Caspase-3 | Execution caspase | [138] |