Figure 1
From: Immunologists getting nervous: neuropeptides, dendritic cells and T cell activation
Summary of known effects of neuropeptides on the interaction between dendritic cells and T cells. Neuropeptides can be released from nerve endings innervating the primary or secondary lymphoid structures or from nerve endings within inflammatory lesions. Alternatively, dendritic cells and T cells can produce neuropeptides that influence immune activation and/or suppression in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Solid arrows indicate stimulatory effects; broken arrows indicate inhibitory effects. CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; SOM, somatostatin; SP, substance P; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.