Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age at enrollment

62.94 ± 8.43

63.55 ± 8.78

.039

63.04 ± 8.49

63.58 ± 8.83

.111

63.16 ± 8.36

63.15 ± 8.93

.963

Gender (% male)

57.4

55.1

.191

57.1

54.5

.185

56.8

56.1

.700

Race (% Caucasian)

79.1

79.9

.569

79.4

79.2

.905

79.6

78.9

.638

BMI (kg/m²)

27.71 ± 5.90

28.05 ± 6.03

.094

27.74 ± 5.93

28.16 ± 6.00

.073

27.71 ± 5.95

28.06 ± 5.95

.090

Smoking History (pack yrs)

51.72 ± 27.08

52.35 ± 27.18

.502

51.38 ± 26.74

53.98 ± 28.32

.017

52.05 ± 27.07

51.75 ± 27.03

.748

Current Smoking (%)

45.0

39.5

.001

43.8

40.4

.082

43.6

42.1

.401

Distance walked, ft

1262.57 ± 410.64

1237.53 ± 394.89

.077

1266.14 ± 409.31

1208.67 ± 387.07

<.0001

1253.44 ± 413.03

1254.04 ± 390.33

.966

History of Asthma (%)

21.3

27.6

<.0001

21.9

29.6

<.0001

22.2

26.2

.017

BODE index

2.25 ± 2.12

2.72 ± 2.05

<.0001

2.28 ± 2.10

2.94 ± 2.03

<.0001

2.35 ± 2.13

2.55 ± 2.05

.007

SGRQ score

34.49 ± 22.77

39.07 ± 22.47

<.0001

34.79 ± 22.87

40.91 ± 21.73

<.0001

35.22 ± 22.78

37.80 ± 22.65

.001

mMRC dyspnea score

1.80 ± 1.47

1.99 ± 1.43

<.0001

1.80 ± 1.47

2.11 ± 1.39

<.0001

1.82 ± 1.46

1.94 ± 1.45

.022

FEV1% pred

60.25 ± 23.51

53.90 ± 20.74

<.0001

59.82 ± 23.23

51.4 ± 19.63

<.0001

58.95 ± 23.24

56.17 ± 21.73

<.0001

FVC% pred

83.45 ± 20.52

80.88 ± 19.59

<.0001

83.37 ± 20.50

79.52 ± 18.91

<.0001

81.87 ± 20.35

83.77 ± 19.94

.007

FEV1/FVC

0.54 ± 0.13

0.50 ± 0.13

<.0001

0.53 ± 0.13

0.49 ± 0.13

<.0001

0.53 ± 0.13

0.50 ± 0.13

<.0001

FEV1% change

1.74 ± 6.46

20.10 ± 10.82

<.0001

3.60 ± 7.13

25.10 ± 11.22

<.0001

2.86 ± 7.50

18.43 ± 12.48

<.0001

FVC% change

2.94 ± 9.21

17.85 ± 20.58

<.0001

4.40 ± 9.85

22.13 ± 24.15

<.0001

1.43 ± 7.13

21.02 ± 19.78

<.0001

Exacerbation Frequency

0.59 ± 1.12

0.71 ± 1.22

.002

0.61 ± 1.14

0.70 ± 1.22

.047

0.61 ± 1.14

0.67 ± 1.19

.146

Severe Exacerbations

17.5

20.7

.018

18.1

20.4

.140

18.3

19.3

.476