Males (n = 1443) | Females (n = 1487) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence ratio | 95% CI | P | Prevalence ratio | 95% CI | P | |
Age (per 10 years) | 1.65 | 1.42–1.92 | <0.001 | 2.51 | 1.86–3.38 | <0.001 |
High altitude vs. sea-level | 1.13 | 1.06–1.21 | <0.001 | 1.44 | 1.05–1.99 | 0.02 |
≥10 pack-years of smoking | 1.80 | 1.40–2.32 | <0.001 | 2.39 | 0.59–9.63 | 0.22 |
Urbanization | ||||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Semi-Urban | 0.52 | 0.43–0.64 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.53–0.82 | <0.001 |
Rural | 1.01 | 0.74–1.37 | 0.97 | 1.71 | 1.47–1.99 | <0.001 |
Post-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis | 3.12 | 2.02–4.83 | <0.001 | 7.02 | 3.63–13.59 | <0.001 |
Asthma | 2.16 | 1.11–4.23 | 0.02 | 2.30 | 1.12–4.72 | 0.02 |
Biomass use at least once daily | 1.08 | 0.55–2.11 | 0.82 | 2.22 | 1.02–4.81 | 0.04 |
Wealth index | ||||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Middle | 1.02 | 0.69–1.52 | 0.91 | 1.78 | 0.52–6.00 | 0.36 |
High | 0.68 | 0.39–1.19 | 0.18 | 1.44 | 0.54–3.86 | 0.47 |