Figure 3

Active compounds inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Macrophages were treated with vehicle, 10 μM curcumin or (1, 5, 10 μM) active compounds for 30 minutes, and the LPS (0.5 μg/mL) was added to incubate for further 24 hours. The culture media was collected and the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (A) and TNF-α (B) in media were detected by ELISA and normalized by total protein concentration. The results were presented as the percent of LPS control. Each bar represents mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical significance relative to LPS group was indicated, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.