From: Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review
Treatment | Annual exacerbation rate | Comparator | Annual exacerbation rate | Reduction in exacerbations | Exacerbation endpoint | Patient population | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exacerbation entry criteria (No./year) | FEV1 % predicted | ||||||
LAMA | |||||||
 Glycopyrronium [69] | 0.54 | Placebo | 0.80 | 34 % | Secondary (moderate or severe) | NA | ≥30– < 80 % (post-BD) |
 Glycopyrronium [68] | 0.43 | Placebo | 0.59 | NS | Secondary (moderate or severe) | NA | ≥30– < 80 % (post-BD) |
 Tiotropium [63] | 0.61 | Indacaterol | 0.79 | 29 % | Secondary (all) | ≥1 | ≥30– < 50 % (post-BD) |
 Tiotropium [60] | 0.64 | Salmeterol | 0.72 | 11 % | Primary (moderate or severe) | ≥1 | <70 % (post-BD) |
 Tiotropium [123] | 0.69 | Placebo | 0.87 | 21 % | Secondary (any) | NS | ≤60 % (pre-BD) |
 Tiotropium [15] | 0.73 | Placebo | 0.85 | 14 % | Secondary (moderate) | NA | <70 % (post-BD) |
 Tiotropium [124] | 1.17 | Placebo | 2.46 | 52 % | Secondary (any) | NA | <80 % |
 Tiotropium [125] | 1.57 | Placebo | 2.41 | 35 % | Secondary (any) | ≥1 | 30–65 % (pre-BD) |
 Tiotropium [126] | 0.85 | Placebo | 1.05 | 20 % | Secondary (any) | NA | ≤60 % |
 Tiotropium [127] | 1.07 | Placebo Salmeterol | 1.49 1.23 | 28 % NS | Secondary (any) | NA | ≤65 % |
 Tiotropium [128] | 0.73 | Placebo | 0.96 | 24 % | Secondary (any) | NA | ≤65 % |
 Tiotropium [129] | 0.76 | Placebo | 0.95 | 20 % | Secondary (any) | NA | ≤65 % |
LABA | |||||||
 Salmeterol [13] | 0.97 | Placebo | 1.13 | 15 % | Secondary (moderate or severe) | NA | <60 % (pre-BD) |
 Salmeterol [65] | 1.04 | Placebo | 1.30 | 20 % | Secondary (any) | ≥1 | 25–70 % (pre-BD) |
LAMA/LABA | |||||||
 Acl/Form [72] | 0.42 | Placebo | 0.29 | 29 % (pooled data) | Moderate or severe | NA | ≥30– < 80 % (post-BD) |
 IND/GLY [62] | 0.84 | Glycopyrronium | 0.95 | 12 % | Primary (moderate or severe) | ≥1 | <50 % (post-BD) |
 Tiotropium + salmeterol [64] | 1.75 | Tiotropium | 1.61 | NS | Secondary (any) | ≥1 | <65 % (post-BD) |
 UMEC/VIL [130] | NR | Tiotropium | NR | NS | Secondary endpoint | NA | ≤70 % (post-BD) |