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Table 1 Patient Characteristics, Comorbid Conditions, Usual Treatments, Prior Colonization Status and Scales According to Hospitalization

From: Factors associated with hospitalization in bronchiectasis exacerbations: a one-year follow-up study

Characteristics

Hospitalization at one year follow-up

No

Yes

p-value

Total No.

103 (38.9)

162 (61.1)

 

Demographic data

 Age (years)

65 (55–73)

73 (68–80)

<0.001

 Gender

  Male

27 (26.2)

79 (48.8)

<0.001

  Female

76 (73.8)

83(51.2)

 Smoker or former smoker

48 (46.6)

77 (47.5)

0.883

 Alcohol abuse

4 (3.9)

7 (4.3)

0.862

 Flu vaccine

75 (72.8)

109 (67.3)

0.341

 Pneumococcal vaccine

59 (57.3)

64 (39.5)

0.005

  PPSV23

48 (46.6)

54 (33.3)

0.030

  PCV13

11 (10.7)

10 (6.2)

0.186

Comorbid condition

 Diabetes mellitus

7 (6.8)

34 (21)

0.002

 Myocardial infarction

2 (1.9)

16 (9.9)

0.012

 Heart failure

3 (2.9)

31 (19.1)

<0.001

 Dementia

3 (2.9)

6 (3.7)

0.729

 COPD

11 (10.7)

54 (33.3)

<0.001

 Asthma

11 (10.7)

15 (9.3)

0.705

 Renal disease

4 (3.9)

10 (6.2)

0.417

 Liver disease

3 (2.9)

13 (8)

0.089

Radiology

 Cystic bronchiectasis

6 (5.8)

11 (6.8)

0.755

Colonization

Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization

34 (33)

66 (40.7)

0.206

 Colonization by other microorganism

23 (22.3)

28 (17.3)

0.310

 Colonization by MDR microorganism

7 (6.8)

23 (14.2)

0.064

Treatment

 Long-acting β-agonist

79 (76.7)

125 (77.2)

0.931

 Long-acting anticholinergic

40 (38.8)

100 (61.7)

<0.001

 Inhaled corticosteroids

75 (72.8)

123 (75.9)

0.570

 Long term oral antibiotics

11 (10.7)

16 (9.9)

0.833

 Inhaled/Nebulized antibiotic

17 (16.5)

29 (17.9)

0.770

 Mucolytics

28 (27.2)

51 (31.5)

0.456

 Proton pump inhibitor

26 (25.2)

100 (61.7)

<0.001

 Chronic oxygen therapy

4 (3.9)

25 (15.4)

0.013

 Statins

21 (20.4)

26 (16)

0.367

 Regular chest physiotherapy

33 (32)

42 (25.9)

0.282

 Immunosuppressors

1 (1)

4 (2.5)

0.382

 NIMV

0 (0)

4 (2.5)

0.108

History of exacerbations

 Hospitalization last year due to BE

23 (22.3)

97 (59.9)

<0.001

 Previous hospitalization due to BE at anytime

33 (32)

98 (60.5)

<0.001

 Previous history of pneumonia

39 (37.9)

85 (52.5)

0.020

 Exacerbation last year

74 (71.8)

118 (72.8)

0.860

 No. exacerbations last year

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.482

 No. antibiotic treatments last year >2

19 (18.4)

39 (24.1)

0.280

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range)
  2. Alcohol abuse: More than 80 g/day
  3. PPSV23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
  4. PCV13 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
  5. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  6. MDR multidrug-resistant
  7. NIMV non-invasive mechanical ventilation
  8. P-value: The χ2 test was performed for categorical data and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed for continuous data