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Table 4 Association of comorbid conditions and respective treatments with survival according to Cox proportional hazard regression models

From: Associations between comorbidities, their treatment and survival in patients with interstitial lung diseases – a claims data analysis

Variable

Comorbidity-only model

Drug-extended model

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Comorbidity profile

Congestive heart failure treated (EI group 1)

1.53***

[1.46;1.60]

1.50***

[1.43;1.58]

Congestive heart failure untreated (EI group 1)

1.58**

[1.42;1.76]

1.53***

[1.39;1.68]

Cardiac arrhythmia treated (EI group 2)

1.03n.s.

[0.98;1.08]

Not selected

Cardiac arrhythmia untreated (EI group 2)

Not selected

1.02ns

[0.95;1.08]

Valvular disease treated (EI group 3)

0.93*

[0.88;0.99]

0.95

[0.89;1.00]

Valvular disease untreated (EI group 3)

1.10*

[1.01;1.21]

1.13**.

[1.03;1.24]

Pulmonary hypertension treated

1.40***

[1.31;1.56]

1.22***

[1.13;1.31]

Pulmonary hypertension untreated

1.43***

[1.31;1.56]

1.55***

[1.42;1.70]

Peripheral vascular disorders treated (EI group 5)

1.11***

[1.05;1.18]

1.12***

[1.05;1.18]

Peripheral vascular disorders untreated (EI group 5)

1.13***

[1.07;1.20]

1.13***

[1.07;1.20]

Hypertension without complications treated (EI group 6)

0.80**

[0.73;0.88]

Not selected

Hypertension without complications untreated (EI group 6)

Not selected

1.00

[0.94;1.05]

Hypertension with complications treated (EI group 7)

0.86***

[0.82;0.90]

0.89**

[0.83;0.95]

Hypertension with complications untreated (EI group 7)

1.01ns

[0.88;1.16]

0.86***

[0.75;0.97]

COPD treated (EI group 10)

0.91***

[0.86;0.95]

0.98ns

[0.94;1.03]

COPD untreated (EI group 10)

0.97ns.

[0.92;1.01]

Not selected

Diabetes without complications treated (EI group 11)

1.09*

[1.02;1.17]

Not selected

Diabetes without complications untreated (EI group 11)

1.16**

[1.10;1.22]

0.99ns

[0.60;1.62]

Diabetes with complications treated (EI group 12)

1.12***

[1.06;1.20]

1.03ns

[0.63;1.59]

Diabetes with complications untreated (EI group 12)

1.20***

[1.12;1.30]

1.19***

[1.11;1.28]

Hypothyroidism (EI group 13)

0.89***

[0.84;0.95]

0.90***

[0.85;0.95]

Renal failure (EI group 14)

1.27***

[1.21;1.33]

1.26***

[1.20;1.32]

Liver disease (EI group 15)

1.05ns.

[1.00;1.11]

1.04ns

[0.99;1.10]

Metastatic carcinoma (EI group 19)

2.51***

[2.35;2.67]

2.51***

[2.36;2.68]

Solid tumour without metastasis (EI group 20)

1.15***

[1.10;1.21]

1.15***

[1.10;1.21]

Rheumatoid Arthritis/Connective Tissue Disorder (EI group 21)

0.89***

[0.84;0.95]

0.88***

[0.83;0.94]

Coagulopathy (EI group 22)

1.40***

[1.32;1.49]

1.43***

[1.35;1.52]

Obesity (EI group 23)

0.87***

[0.83;0.92

0.90***

[0.83;0.94]

Weight loss (EI group 24)

1.56***

[1.46;1.66]

1.53***

[1.44;1.63]

Fluid and electrolyte disorders (EI group 25)

1.74**

[1.67;1.82]

1.70***

[1.63;1.78]

Deficiency anaemia (EI group 27)

1.11**

[1.04;1.19]

1.10**

[1.03;1.18]

Depression treated (EI group 31)

1.07ns

[1.00;1.15]

1.00ns

[0.95;1.06]

Depression untreated (EI group 31)

0.99ns.

[0.93;1.04]

Not selected

IHD treated

0.97ns

[0.93;1.01]

Not selected

IHD untreated

1.33***

[1.24;1.42]

1.04***

[0.98;1.09]

GERD treated

0.92**

[0.87;0.98]

0.89***

[0.83;0.95]

GERD untreated

0.92*.

[0.84;0.99]

0.95ns

[0.87;1.03]

OSAS

0.76***

[0.70;0.82]

0.77***

[0.71;0.84]

Lung cancer

1.86***

[1.74;1.98]

1.80***

[1.69;1.92]

Medication intake

Digitalis glycosides

  

1.07ns

[0.99;1.16]

Anti-arrhythmic drugs

  

0.86*

[0.75;0.98]

Diuretic drugs

  

1.24***

[1.18;1.31]

Statins

  

0.85***

[0.80;0.90]

Beta-blockers

  

0.92***

[0.88;0.97]

ACE inhibitors

  

0.83***

[0.79;0.87]

Angiotensin-I-antagonists

  

0.73***

[0.68;0.78]

Antiplatelet drugs

  

1.08*

[1.02;1.15]

Heparin (−derivates)

  

0.84***

[0.98;1.11]

Vitamin-K antagonists

  

1.04ns

[0.78;0.90]

Proton pump inhibitors

  

1.05*

[1.00;1.09]

H2-antagonists

  

1.24**

[1.07;1.43]

Treatment with anti-depressants

  

1.12***

[1.05;1.18

Treatment with anti-diabetic drugs

  

1.07ns

[0.66;1.75]

Long-acting beta2 agonists (LABA)

  

0.98ns

[0.91;1.05]

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA)

  

1.05ns

[1.00;1.11]

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

  

0.89**

[0.82;0.97]

Combination product LABA/ICS

  

not selected

Combination product LABA/LAMA

  

not selected

Specific PH drugs

  

1.85***

[1.56;2.18]

  1. All figures adjusted for age, gender, and ILD subtype
  2. Comorbidity-only Cox model: concordance = 0.790, R2 = 0.286; AIC = 219,409.6
  3. Drug-extended Cox model: concordance = 0.794, R2 = 0.2904; AIC = 219,215.4
  4. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, EI Elixhauser Comorbidity Index
  5. Significance codes: p < 0.001 ‘***’ | p < 0.01 ‘**’ | p < 0.05 ‘*’ | not significant ‘ns’. ‚ not selected: disregarded by LASSO selection