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Table 5 Risk for death expressed as HR (95% CI), analyses stratified for non-COPD and COPD in a Cox regression model adjusting for sex, age, smoking status and heart disease

From: Proteolytic biomarkers are related to prognosis in COPD- report from a population-based cohort

 

Non-COPD

n = 948

COPD

n = 594

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Female

1

1

Male

1.700 (1.067–2.708)

1.538 (0.938–2.523)

Agea

1.105 (1.078–1.134)

1.112 (1.083–1.142)

Non-smoker

1

1

Ex-smoker

2.182 (1.318–3.611)

1.296 (0.709–2.370)

Current smoker

4.917 (2.357–10.257)

2.429 (1.296–4.552)

No heart disease

1

1

Heart disease

2.443 (1.574–3.792)

1.361 (0.843–2.197)

MMP-9a,b

1.001 (1.000–1.003)

1.003 (1.002–1.004)

TIMP-1a,b

0.997 (0.996–0.999)

0.998 (0.997–1.000)

MMP-9/TIMP-1-ratioa,b

1.099 (1.014–1.190)

1.299 (1.086–1.555)

  1. Significant values in bold
  2. acontinuous variable. badded one by one to the multivariate model