From: Proteolytic biomarkers are related to prognosis in COPD- report from a population-based cohort
 | Non-COPD n = 948 | COPD n = 594 |
---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
Female | 1 | 1 |
Male | 1.700 (1.067–2.708) | 1.538 (0.938–2.523) |
Agea | 1.105 (1.078–1.134) | 1.112 (1.083–1.142) |
Non-smoker | 1 | 1 |
Ex-smoker | 2.182 (1.318–3.611) | 1.296 (0.709–2.370) |
Current smoker | 4.917 (2.357–10.257) | 2.429 (1.296–4.552) |
No heart disease | 1 | 1 |
Heart disease | 2.443 (1.574–3.792) | 1.361 (0.843–2.197) |
MMP-9a,b | 1.001 (1.000–1.003) | 1.003 (1.002–1.004) |
TIMP-1a,b | 0.997 (0.996–0.999) | 0.998 (0.997–1.000) |
MMP-9/TIMP-1-ratioa,b | 1.099 (1.014–1.190) | 1.299 (1.086–1.555) |