From: Altered lung biology of healthy never smokers following acute inhalation of E-cigarettes
Parameter | Total cohort of n = 10 | Sub-cohort exposed to EC with nicotine, n = 7 | Sub-cohort exposed to EC without nicotine, n = 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baselineb | Post-ECc | Baselineb | Post-ECc | Baselineb | Post-ECc | |
n | 10 | 7 | 3 | |||
Sex (male/female) | 5/5 | 4/3 | 1/2 | |||
Age (yr) | 40.2 ± 9.7 | 40.4 ± 11.2 | 39.7 ± 6.7 | |||
Race (B/W/H/O)d | 7/0/3/0 | 6/0/1/0 | 1/0/2/0 | |||
Smoking history | None | None | None | |||
Pulmonary functione | ||||||
FVC (% predicted) | 110 ± 14 | 107 ± 13 | 112 ± 16 | 112 ± 11 | 105 ± 6 | 98.3 ± 12 |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 110 ± 14 | 107 ± 15 | 112 ± 15 | 113 ± 11 | 103 ± 9 | 91 ± 8 |
FEV1/FVC (% observed) | 81 ± 33 | 81 ± 4 | 81 ± 3 | 83 ± 3 | 81 ± 4 | 76 ± 4 |
TLC (% predicted) | 92 ± 11 | 92 ± 11 | 91 ± 11 | 92 ± 7 | 94 ± 13 | 91 ± 21 |
DLCO (% predicted) | 89 ± 10 | 86 ± 10 | 88 ± 10 | 85 ± 13 | 92 ± 9 | 87 ± 3 |
O2 saturation | 99 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 | 99 ± 2 | 98 ± 1 |
Bronchoalveolar lavage | ||||||
% recovery | 61.7% | 64.8% | 64.4% | 65.5% | 56.2% | 62.9% |
Total cells recovered (x106)f | 12.1 ± 7.9 | 10.0 ± 6.7 | 10.6 ± 5.3 | 11.0 ± 7.6 | 15.5 ± 13.1 | 6.6 ± 2.5 |
Epithelial cells (%)g | 87.0 ± 9.0 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.5 |
Macrophages (%)g | 92.7 ± 7.4 | 90.0 ± 5.7 | 91.1 ± 8.3 | 90.0 ± 6.2 | 96.6 ± 2.7 | 90.1 ± 5.6 |
Lymphocytes (%)g | 5.8 ± 6.5 | 7.8 ± 4.8 | 7.2 ± 7.4 | 7.5 ± 4.7 | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 8.5 ± 6.2 |
Neutrophils (%)g | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.50 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.7 |
Eosinophils (%)g | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Small airway epitheliumh | ||||||
Epithelial cells (%) | 99.1 ± 1.0 | 99.3 ± 1.0 | 99.2 ± 1.0 | 99.4 ± 0.5 | 98.9 ± 1.2 | 99.0 ± 1.8 |
Inflammatory cells (%) | 0.86 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.8 |
Ciliated cells (%) | 60.1 ± 4.5 | 58.3 ± 7.5 | 58.6 ± 4.1 | 58.3 ± 6.8 | 63.7 ± 3.4 | 58.2 ± 10.9 |
Secretory cells (%) | 10.5 ± 3.4 | 11.1 ± 2.3 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 10.7 ± 2.0 | 13.4 ± 4.1 | 12.1 ± 3.0 |
Undifferentiated cells (%) | 22.3 ± 4.3 | 21.9 ± 6.6 | 22.6 ± 4.7 | 20.2 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 26.0 ± 10.1 |
Basal cells (%) | 6.92 ± 3.7 | 7.9 ± 5.9 | 8.7 ± 2.7 | 10.3 ± 5.5 | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 1.3 |