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Table 4 Effects of respiratory muscle training on COPD patients with or without respiratory muscle weakness

From: Combination of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in same respiratory cycle versus different cycles in COPD patients: a randomized trial

Subgroups

Sham training

IMT

CTSC

CTDC

ANOVA (interaction)

Number

23

23

23

23

 

 PImax>60cmH2O

12

9

8

11

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

11

14

15

12

 

Δ BMI(kg/m2)

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.101±0.394

-0.593±0.770

-0.056±0.541

-0.173±0.618

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.066±0.595

-0.367±0.713

-0.192±0.543

-0.328±0.622

P=0.702

 p

0.867

0.479

0.574

0.554

 

ΔFFMI(kg/m2)

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.188±0.431

-0.232±0.583

0.053±0.335

0.131±0.814

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.176±0.385

-0.230±0.528

0.168±1.118

-0.254±0.450

P=0.605

 p

0.941

0.993

0.780

0.170

 

ΔPImax(cmH2O)

 PImax>60cmH2O

1.758±4.911

5.367±5.558

5.738±5.218

5.218±6.244

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

2.576±3.710

12.700±6.155

10.313±6.011

10.800±5.835

P=0.254

 p

0.659

0.009

0.084

0.038

 

ΔPEmax(cmH2O)

 PImax>60cmH2O

1.808±5.852

4.700±3.482

8.275±11.023

4.600±6.340

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

2.544±4.404

4.443±4.606

9.147±6.593

11.717±5.007

P=0.162

 p

0.739

0.888

0.814

0.007

 

Δ mMRC

 PImax>60cmH2O

0.167±0.577

-0.333±0.707

-0.250±0.463

-0.273±0.467

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

0.091±0.539

-0.286±0.469

-0.267±0.458

-0.167±0.389

P=0.938

 p

0.749

0.847

0.935

0.559

 

Δ FVC(L)

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.033±0.114

0.004±0.208

0.051±0.184

-0.059±0.210

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

0.009±0.078

-0.021±0.159

-0.016±0.107

-0.059±0.100

P=0.661

 p

0.312

0.745

0.277

0.999

 

Δ FEV1(L)

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.015±0.072

-0.053±0.134

0.095±0.123

-0.021±0.104

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

0.006±0.092

0.001±0.089

-0.021±0.101

-0.039±0.068

P=0.033

 p

0.405

0.749

0.097

0.687

 

ΔFEV1%pred(%)

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.500±2.876

-2.556±5.812

2.875±4.764

-1.246±6.620

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

0.0±4.074

0.286±3.292

-1.800±5.759

-2.750±4.048

P=0.074

 p

0.539

0.256

0.024

0.620

 

Δ FEV1/FVC

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.003±0.033

-0.014±0.030

0.040±0.051

0.005±0.020

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.002±0.037

0.007±0.035

-0.001±0.044

-0.001±0.014

P=0.037

p

0.981

0.148

0.058

0.451

 

Δ 6MWD(m)

 PImax>60cmH2O

3.667±25.850

25.556±25.793

15.750±17.958

15.909±7.687

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

13.727±12.539

23.286±12.615

20.867±30.928

23.250±15.910

P=0.775

 p

0.255

0.780

0.673

0.180

 

Δ CAT

 PImax>60cmH2O

0.583±2.193

-2.333±2.121

-1.125±2.532

-1.636±1.433

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

0±2.049

-2.286±3.221

-1.600±1.549

-1.833±1.586

P=0.962

 p

0.518

0.969

0.581

0.759

 

Δ SGRQ

 PImax>60cmH2O

0.167±2.588

-3.333±1.732

-2.250±2.493

-2.182±1.537

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.546±1.440

-2.929±2.841

-2.733±1.624

-2.333±1.155

P=0.811

 p

0.430

0.706

0.579

0.791

 

Δ HADS

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.250±1.138

-0.556±1.333

-1.000±1.927

-0.364±1.963

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.091±1.640

-0.643±1.737

-0.467±1.846

0.083±1.505

P=0.924

 p

0.788

0.899

0.523

0.545

 

Δ BODE

 PImax>60cmH2O

-0.167±0.937

-0.556±1.014

-0.125±0.991

-0.364±1.286

 

 PImax≤60cmH2O

-0.182±0.603

-0.429±1.284

-0.467±1.642

0.000±1.206

P=0.803

 p

0.964

0.805

0.598

0.492

 
  1. Data are presented as mean± SE unless otherwise indicated; Δ, difference (after minus before intervention)
  2. Abbreviations: IMT inspiratory muscle training, CTSC combined training in same cycle, CTDC combined training in different cycles, BMI body mass index, FFMI fat-free mass index, PImax maximal inspiratory pressure, PEmax maximal expiratory pressure, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second, %pred percent predicted, 6MWD 6-minute walking distance, CAT COPD Assessment Test, SGRQ St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, BODE body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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