Metabolic and cardiorespiratory effects of decreasing lung hyperinflation with budesonide/formoterol in COPD: a randomized, double-crossover, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial

Table 2 Differences in metabolic and cardiac variables before and after administration of BUD/FORM or placebo and comparison of the change between treatment groups

Outcome, unit	LS mean change from pre-dose to post-dose		LS mean (95% CI) treatment difference	P value^*
Outcome, unit	BUD/FORM	Placebo	LS mean (95% CI) treatment difference	P value^*
VO₂, mL/min	11.37	1.25	10.11 (2.94 to 17.29)	0.007
HR, bpm	−2.48	− 2.83	0.35 (−1.02 to 1.72)	0.609
VO₂/HR, mL/beat	0.256	0.168	0.087 (− 0.021 to 0.196)	0.111
VCO₂, mL/min	5.99	−4.25	10.25 (2.47 to 18.02)	0.011
SaO₂, %	0.42	0.18	0.24 (−0.26 to 0.74)	0.333

bpm beats per minute, BUD/FORM budesonide/formoterol, CI confidence interval, HR heart rate, LS least squares, SaO₂ oxygen saturation, VCO₂ carbon dioxide output, VO₂ oxygen uptake, VO₂/HR oxygen pulse
^*Bolded P values are statistically significant

ISSN: 1465-993X