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Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of all groups (n = 143)

From: IL-1β augments TGF-β inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells and associates with poor pulmonary function improvement in neutrophilic asthmatics

  

Asthmatic patients

 
 

Healthy (n = 28)

Eosinophilic (n = 32)

Neutrophilic (n = 30)

Mixed (n = 11)

Paucigranulocytic (n = 42)

Overall P value

Age (y)

25 (23–26)

44 (27–50)§

43 (34–51)§

49 (41–51)§

46 (31–52)§

 < 0.001

Male sex n. (%)

14 (50)

20 (63)

9 (30)

8 (73)

17 (41)

0.035

BMI (kg/m2)

20.3 (18.9–23.5)

22.5 (20.7–24.6)

22.3 (20.3–23.4)

23.7 (22.3–27.2)

22.4 (18.7–25.6)

0.152

Smoker n. (%)

0 (0)

10 (31)§

5 (17)§

3 (27)§

13 (31)§

0.016

Atopy n. (%)

0 (0)

18 (56)§†

9 (30)§

4 (36)§

16 (38)§

 < 0.001

Asthma course (y)

NA

2.0 (1.0–7.5)

2.8 (1.0–8.0)

4.0 (2.0–11.0)

1.0 (0.25–7.0)

0.121

Blood eosinophils (%)

1.8 (1.3–2.7)

6.4 (3.3–8.8)§†£

2.6 (0.9–4.6)

5.5 (2.4–7.9)§£

2.1 (1.2–3.2)

 < 0.001

Blood neutrophils (%)

56.7 (53.7–61.5)

54.6 (49.2–61.7)

61.2 (53.6–65.6)

59.7 (55.6–66.1)

56.3 (52.7–63.3)

0.356

FEV1 (L)

3.35 ± 0.55

2.55 ± 0.64§

2.59 ± 0.79§

2.66 ± 0.86

2.64 ± 0.59§

 < 0.001

FEV1 (%)

90.9 ± 7.2

82.8 ± 17.1

90.1 ± 18.2

83.7 ± 19.3

90.1 ± 13.2

0.163

FEV1/FVC (%)

87.3 ± 6.1

67.0 ± 8.9§

71.9 ± 11.8§

64.3 ± 9.7§

73.2 ± 10.1§

 < 0.001

Serum IgE (IU/ml)

40 (12–66)

215 (60–519)§£

92 (36–254)

118 (78–410)

52 (14–193)

 < 0.001

FENO (ppb)

NA

86 (30–112)†£

27 (17–45)

48 (31–85) £

23 (11–33)

 < 0.001

ACT score

NA

16.0 (14–18)£

16.5 (13–19)

16.0 (14–19)

18.0 (16–19)

0.038

Induced sputum characteristics‡

 Macrophages (%)

37.3 (28.1–50.2)

22.1 (11.5–35.8)£

8.9 (4.3–18.2)§k£

4.6 (3.4–9.4)§k£

47.7 (37.1–58.4)

 < 0.001

 Neutrophils (%)

51.3 (43.2–64.7)

31.7 (18.3–45.7)§†¶

81.7 (68.6–89.6)§£

74.1 (64.6–84.9) £

39.1 (30.3–46.0)

 < 0.001

 Eosinophils (%)

0.1 (0–0.2)

21.1 (7.7–43.1)§†£

0.5 (0.1–1.6)

8.1 (5.0–15.1)§†£

0.2 (0–0.9)

 < 0.001

 Lymphocytes (%)

4.1 (2.6–6.8)k£

8.1 (5.0–13.7)

4.7 (3.1–10.7)

4.6 (2.7–10.1)

7.8 (5.5–13.8)

0.002

  1. Normal data are expressed as mean ± SD and non-normal data are described as median (IQR). Multiple groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni correction (normal data) or a Kruskal–Wallis test with a Dunn intergroup comparison (non-normal data). The Levene method was used to test for multiple-sample homogeneity of variance, and Welch method was performed when data are heterogeneous. The χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used to compare ratios;
  2. BMI body mass index, FENO fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, ACT Asthma Control Test, IQR interquartile range, NA not available
  3. Atopy was defined aswas defined as at least one specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUI/L) toward common aeroallergens, a positive skin prick test response, or both
  4. Smoker was defined as current smokers or ex-smokers who had the smoking history of more than 5 pack-years or quit smoking for less than 6 months
  5. ‡Data were missing for five patients in healthy group
  6. §p < 0.05 versus healthy subjects
  7. kp < 0.05 versus patients with eosinophilic asthma
  8. †p < 0.05 versus patients with neutrophilic asthma
  9. p < 0.05 versus patients with mixed asthma
  10. £p < 0.05 versus patients with Paucigranulocytic asthma
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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