Variables | Frequency matching | Propensity-score matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | p-values | Case | Control | p-values | |
n = 654 | n = 2616 | n = 451 | n = 1804 | |||
Age | 66.00 ± 12.15 | 65.59 ± 12.16 |  |  |  |  |
 40–50 | 82 (12.54) | 328 (12.54) | 1.0000 | 63 (13.97) | 237 (13.14) | 0.6758 |
 50–60 | 112 (17.13) | 448 (17.13) |  | 86 (19.07) | 389 (21.56) |  |
 60–70 | 172 (26.30) | 688 (26.30) |  | 127 (28.16) | 460 (25.50) |  |
 70–80 | 210 (32.11) | 840 (32.11) |  | 135 (29.93) | 555 (30.76) |  |
  ≥ 80 | 78 (11.93) | 312 (11.93) |  | 40 (8.87) | 163 (9.04) |  |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 301 (46.02) | 1204 (46.02) | 1.0000 | 205 (45.45) | 811 (44.96) | 0.8489 |
 Female | 353 (53.98) | 1412 (53.98) |  | 246 (54.55) | 993 (55.04) |  |
BMI (Unit = 3.69) | ||||||
 Underweight | 22 (3.38) | 52 (2.00) | 0.0840 | 9 (2.00) | 40 (2.22) | 0.8965 |
 Ordinary | 262 (40.31) | 1078 (41.49) |  | 191 (42.35) | 794 (44.01) |  |
 Overweight | 188 (28.92) | 816 (31.41) |  | 142 (31.49) | 541 (29.99) |  |
 Obesity | 178 (27.38) | 652 (25.10) |  | 109 (24.17) | 429 (23.78) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||||
 Holo Taiwanese | 546 (96.47) | 2397 (96.73) | 0.9405 | 434 (96.23) | 1754 (97.23) | 0.5352 |
 Hakka Taiwanese | 9 (1.59) | 35 (1.41) |  | 7 (1.55) | 21 (1.16) |  |
 Mainland Chinese | 11 (1.94) | 46 (1.86) |  | 10 (2.22) | 29 (1.61) |  |
Education | ||||||
 Elementary school or below | 401 (63.05) | 1558 (60.67) | 0.5312 | 272 (60.31) | 1099 (60.92) | 0.5820 |
 High school | 170 (26.73) | 738 (28.74) |  | 119 (26.39) | 440 (24.39) |  |
 College or above | 65 (10.22) | 272 (10.59) |  | 60 (13.30) | 265 (14.69) |  |
Marriage | ||||||
 Married | 534 (83.31) | 2209 (86.83) | 0.0191 | 384 (85.14) | 1577 (87.42) | 0.3291 |
 Single | 20 (3.12) | 43 (1.69) |  | 12 (2.66) | 50 (2.77) |  |
 Widowed /divorce | 87 (13.57) | 292 (11.48) |  | 55 (12.20) | 177 (9.81) |  |
 Hypertension | 414 (63.79) | 1582 (61.08) | 0.2044 | 261 (57.87) | 1068 (59.20) | 0.6075 |
 Diabetes | 75 (11.68) | 347 (13.50) | 0.0076 | 84 (18.63) | 302 (16.74) | 0.3419 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 392 (61.15) | 1669 (65.17) | 0.0576 | 279 (61.86) | 1135 (62.92) | 0.6791 |
 Heart disease | 94 (14.62) | 268 (10.46) | 0.0029 | 50 (11.09) | 179 (9.92) | 0.4642 |
 Arthritis | 107 (16.77) | 306 (11.95) | 0.0012 | 57 (12.64) | 173 (9.59) | 0.0557 |
 Asthma | 67 (10.47) | 63 (2.46) |  < 0.0001 | 13 (2.88) | 54 (2.99) | 0.9013 |
 CKD | 18 3 (28.33) | 728 (28.18) | 0.9421 | 108 (23.95) | 418 (23.17) | 0.7274 |
 Cancer | 18 (2.81) | 37 (1.44) | 0.0170 | 9 (2.00) | 33 (1.83) | 0.8153 |