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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics between study participants with COPD and without COPD

From: The effects of traffic-related air pollutants on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community-based general population

Variables

Frequency matching

Propensity-score matching

Case

Control

p-values

Case

Control

p-values

n = 654

n = 2616

n = 451

n = 1804

Age

66.00 ± 12.15

65.59 ± 12.16

    

 40–50

82 (12.54)

328 (12.54)

1.0000

63 (13.97)

237 (13.14)

0.6758

 50–60

112 (17.13)

448 (17.13)

 

86 (19.07)

389 (21.56)

 

 60–70

172 (26.30)

688 (26.30)

 

127 (28.16)

460 (25.50)

 

 70–80

210 (32.11)

840 (32.11)

 

135 (29.93)

555 (30.76)

 

  ≥ 80

78 (11.93)

312 (11.93)

 

40 (8.87)

163 (9.04)

 

Sex

 Male

301 (46.02)

1204 (46.02)

1.0000

205 (45.45)

811 (44.96)

0.8489

 Female

353 (53.98)

1412 (53.98)

 

246 (54.55)

993 (55.04)

 

BMI (Unit = 3.69)

 Underweight

22 (3.38)

52 (2.00)

0.0840

9 (2.00)

40 (2.22)

0.8965

 Ordinary

262 (40.31)

1078 (41.49)

 

191 (42.35)

794 (44.01)

 

 Overweight

188 (28.92)

816 (31.41)

 

142 (31.49)

541 (29.99)

 

 Obesity

178 (27.38)

652 (25.10)

 

109 (24.17)

429 (23.78)

 

Ethnicity

 Holo Taiwanese

546 (96.47)

2397 (96.73)

0.9405

434 (96.23)

1754 (97.23)

0.5352

 Hakka Taiwanese

9 (1.59)

35 (1.41)

 

7 (1.55)

21 (1.16)

 

 Mainland Chinese

11 (1.94)

46 (1.86)

 

10 (2.22)

29 (1.61)

 

Education

 Elementary school or below

401 (63.05)

1558 (60.67)

0.5312

272 (60.31)

1099 (60.92)

0.5820

 High school

170 (26.73)

738 (28.74)

 

119 (26.39)

440 (24.39)

 

 College or above

65 (10.22)

272 (10.59)

 

60 (13.30)

265 (14.69)

 

Marriage

 Married

534 (83.31)

2209 (86.83)

0.0191

384 (85.14)

1577 (87.42)

0.3291

 Single

20 (3.12)

43 (1.69)

 

12 (2.66)

50 (2.77)

 

 Widowed /divorce

87 (13.57)

292 (11.48)

 

55 (12.20)

177 (9.81)

 

 Hypertension

414 (63.79)

1582 (61.08)

0.2044

261 (57.87)

1068 (59.20)

0.6075

 Diabetes

75 (11.68)

347 (13.50)

0.0076

84 (18.63)

302 (16.74)

0.3419

 Hyperlipidemia

392 (61.15)

1669 (65.17)

0.0576

279 (61.86)

1135 (62.92)

0.6791

 Heart disease

94 (14.62)

268 (10.46)

0.0029

50 (11.09)

179 (9.92)

0.4642

 Arthritis

107 (16.77)

306 (11.95)

0.0012

57 (12.64)

173 (9.59)

0.0557

 Asthma

67 (10.47)

63 (2.46)

 < 0.0001

13 (2.88)

54 (2.99)

0.9013

 CKD

18 3 (28.33)

728 (28.18)

0.9421

108 (23.95)

418 (23.17)

0.7274

 Cancer

18 (2.81)

37 (1.44)

0.0170

9 (2.00)

33 (1.83)

0.8153