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Table 2 Dietary intake by participants

From: Soy consumption and risk of COPD and respiratory symptoms: a case-control study in Japan

Dietary intake

g/day, mean (SD)

Cases

(n = 278)

Controls

(n = 340)

p value

(t test)

Fruits

218.36 (175.68)

270.34 (239.88)

0.002

Vegetables

185.49 (101.85)

224.39 (140.29)

< 0.001

Red meat

40.63 (35.31)

34.55 (27.01)

0.019

Chicken

10.33 (13.73)

12.43 (13.55)

0.058

Fish

19.54 (21.95)

22.04 (25.72)

0.200

Total soy foods*

44.84 (28.50)

59.98 (50.23)

< 0.001

   Tofu

17.66 (16.45)

25.02 (26.24)

< 0.001

   Natto

11.43 (15.58)

18.03 (33.51)

0.001

   Bean sprouts

3.88 (5.02)

4.59 (4.61)

0.066

   Soy milk (cups/week)

0.19 (1.01)

0.46 (1.74)

0.016

  1. * Defined as the intake of solid soy foods comprising tofu (boiled or cold, in miso soup, freeze-dried, deep-fried), natto (fermented soybean), and bean sprouts.