Table 1 Important M. tuberculosis ligands, main receptors on phagocytic immune cells and immune cell processes affected that promote persistence of the pathogen and establishment of latent tuberculosis infection in humans
From: New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection
M. tuberculosis liganda | Host cell receptorb | Immune cell process affected | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
19 kDa Lipoprotein (LpqH) | TLR2 | MHC class II expression/antigen presentation | 28,30,90 |
19 kDa Lipoprotein (LpqH) | TLR2 | Phagosomal processing by MHC class I pathway | 89,96 |
Lipoprotein LprA | TLR2 | MHC class II expression/antigen presentation | 33 |
Lipoprotein LprG | TLR2 | MHC class II expression/antigen presentation | 32 |
Phosphatidyinositol mannoside (PIM) | TLR2 | Modulation of macrophage signaling pathways | 26,51 |
Lipomannan (LM) | TLR2, MR | Modulation of macrophage signaling pathways | 26,51 |
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) | TLR2 | Modulation of macrophage signaling pathways | 26,51 |
Mannose-capped LAM | MR, DC-SIGN | Phagolysosome maturation | 91,92 |
Mannose-capped LAM | MR, DC-SIGN | MHC class II expression/antigen presentation | 51,91.96 |
Mannose-capped LAM | MR, DC-SIGN | IL-12 secretion of dentritic cells/macrophages | 88 |
Mannose-capped LAM | MR, DC-SIGN | Apoptosis of macrophages | 91,112 |
Trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) | TLR2, Mincle | Phagolysosome biogenesis | 27,93,95 |
Trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) | TLR2, Mincle | MHC class II expression/antigen presentation | 27,94,95 |