Figure 6From: Legionella pneumophila induces human beta Defensin-3 in pulmonary cellsMolecular scheme ofLegionella pneumophila-induced hBD-3 expression. L. pneumophila activates TLR2, TLR5, and TLR9. Downstream signaling leads to the activation of JNK with subsequent recruitment of AP-1 subunit c-jun to the hBD-3 promoter leading to hBD-3 expression.Back to article page