Table 4 Distance to major roads and exposure to air pollutants (annual means and five year means) as predictors for respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function
From: Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women
Annual means | Five year means | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<100 m from major road wi 10,000 cars/day compared to > 100 m | NO 2 [16 μg/m 3 ] | PM 10 [7 μg/m 3 ] | NO 2 [16 μg/m 3 ] | PM 10 [7 μg/m 3 ] | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Chronic bronchitis by physician diagnosis (n1 = 4205, n5 = 3761) | 1.15 (0.89–1.50) | 1.25(*) (1.00–1.58) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.37** (1.16–1.62) | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) |
Chronic cough with phlegm production (n1 = 4237, n5 = 3792) | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 1.11 (0.93–1.31) |
Frequent cough (n1 = 4262, n5 = 3813) | 1.24* (1.03–1.49) | 1.13* (1.01–1.27) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 1.15(*) (0.99–1.33) | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) |
COPD FEV1/FVC<0.7 (n1 = 2314, n5 = 2096) | 1.79* (1.06–3.02) | 1.39** (1.20–1. 63) | 1.37(*) (0.98–1.92) | 1.43** (1.23–1.66) | 1.33* (1.03–1.72) |
MD (95% CI) | MD (95% CI) | MD (95% CI) | MD (95% CI) | MD (95% CI) | |
FEV1 (n1 = 2315, n5 = 2095) | 0.987* (0.962–0.997) | 0.961** (0.939–0.984) | 0.953* (0.916–0.989) | 0.951** (0.925–0.977) | 0.949** (0.923–0.975) |
FVC (n1 = 2310, n5 = 2092) | 0.982* (0.966–0.998) | 0.974** (0.954–0.993) | 0.966* (0.940–0.992) | 0.966** (0.945–0.987) | 0.963** (0.945–0.982) |
FEV1/FVC (n1 = 2314, n5 = 2096) | 0.999 (0.990–1.007) | 0.989** (0.985–0.993) | 0.989(*) (0.978–1.000) | 0.988** (0.982–0.993) | 0.989* (0.980–0.997) |