From: Muscarinic receptor signaling in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD
 | Asthma |  | COPD |  |
---|---|---|---|---|
Airway smooth | Hyperplasia | [121, 139] | Increased ASM mass | [140] |
muscle (ASM) | Hypertrophy | [101, 139] | Hypercontractility | [23] |
 | Hypercontractility | [20-22, 24] |  |  |
Mucus production | Goblet cell hyperplasia Mucus gland hypertrophy | [141] | Goblet cell hyperplasia Mucus gland hypertrophy | [142] |
Vasculature | Pulmonary vascular remodeling | [143] | Pulmonary vascular remodeling | [144-146] |
Basement membrane | Thickened | [76] | Not thickened | [76] |
Extracellular matrix | Subepithelial collagen deposition (Myo)fibroblast accumulation | [101, 147] | Airway wall fibrosis Loss of alveolar walls | [76] |