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Table 1 Factors related to trajectories (10–26 years) of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1), their ratio (FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25–75%) trajectories in male and female participants

From: Distinctive lung function trajectories from age 10 to 26 years in men and women and associated early life risk factors – a birth cohort study

Variables

Male participants

FVC trajectory

FEV1 trajectory

FEV1/FVC trajectory

FEF25–75% trajectory

Low, n = 329%

High, n = 248%

Low, n = 329%

High, n = 248%

Low, n = 140%

High, n = 437%

Low, n = 273%

Medium, n = 267%

High, n = 37%

Maternal history of asthma (n = 573)

12.3

9.8

12.2

9.8

11.4

11.1

9.9

12.9

8.1

Paternal history of asthma (n = 569)

10.4

11.1

10.1

11.5

13.0

10.0

9.3

11.5

16.2

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (n = 574)

24.7

21.1

25.0

20.7

27.1

21.9

24.3

23.0

16.2

Owned cat at recruitment (n = 572)

31.4

36.1

31.4

36.1

35.7

32.6

34.3

32.2

35.1

Owned dog at recruitment (n = 572)

27.7

31.6

27.4

32.0

22.1*

31.7

25.1

34.5*

24.3

Ever lived on a farm < age 10 years (n = 511)

3.8

6.4

3.8

6.3

6.6

4.4

5.4

4.7

2.9

Eczema in the first year (n = 539)

11.0

11.7

11.9

10.6

14.8

10.2

12.5

10.2

11.4

Recurrent chest infections in years 1 or 2 (n = 492)

21.5

15.4

23.2*

13.4

23.4

17.6

21.9

16.0

20.0

Skin prick test positivity at age 4 (n = 429)

23.2

22.4

24.6

20.5

34.3*

19.3

30.1

14.6*

32.1

Prevalence of asthma at four 4 of age (510)

16.2

15.1

18.9*

11.8

25.4*

12.6

19.5*

12.8

11.1

Prevalence of asthma at 10 years of age (560)

20.1

15.3

20.9*

14.2

29.1*

14.6

22.4*

15.3

5.7

Prevalence of asthma at 18 years of age (523)

19.3

15.6

20.1

14.4

32.0*

13.1

25.2*

11.6

5.7

Prevalence of asthma at 26 years of age (n = 406)

15.3

12.5

17.8*

9.4

26.0*

10.3

20.2*

9.0

6.7

 

mean or median γ

Birth weight (grams, n = 566)

3386*

3539

3373*

3554

3378

3476

3394*

3475

3714

Cord serum IgE (kU/L, n = 517)

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.22

Duration of breastfeeding (weeks, n = 524)

8*

12

8.5

12

12

11

12

10

13

Height at age 4 years (cm, n = 458)

102.8*

106.0

102.9*

105.9

104.6

104.1

103.6

104.5

105.6

Variables

Female participants

FVC trajectory

FEV1 trajectory

FEV1/FVC trajectory

FEF25–75% trajectory

Low, n = 297%

High, n = 283%

Low, n = 278%

High, n = 302%

Low, n = 110%

High, n = 470%

Low, n = 141%

Medium, n = 323%

High, n = 116%

Maternal history of asthma (n = 577)

8.8

11.0

10.6

9.3

11.9

9.4

12.9

8.7

9.4

Paternal history of asthma (n = 574)

8.2

10.4

8.3

10.1

10.9

8.8

10.6

9.1

7.8

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (n = 579)

23.7

21.2

25.6

19.5

25.5

21.8

26.2

23.9

13.8*

Owned cat at recruitment (n = 579)

29.7

33.6

28.5

34.4

34.6

30.9

31.2

32.0

31.0

Owned dog at recruitment (n = 579)

28.0

29.0

29.6

27.4

31.8

27.7

32.6

27.6

25.9

Ever lived on a farm < age 10 years (n = 541)

3.7

7.5

4.3

6.7

9.6*

4.6

6.0

4.7

7.3

Eczema in the first year (n = 449)

12.5*

5.6

12.4*

6.02

12.5

8.3

15.0

7.8

5.4*

Recurrent chest infections in years 1 or 2 (n = 507)

17.9

15.1

17.2

16.0

17.0

16.5

17.2

17.7

12.8

Skin prick test positivity at age 4 (n = 488)

21.4*

13.6

22.2*

13.3

21.8

16.6

25.2*

16.3

11.8

Prevalence of asthma at four 4 of age (n = 510)

14.4

15.4

16.3

13.7

18.8

14.0

20.5*

14.0

10.9

Prevalence of asthma at 10 years of age (n = 561)

12.6

13.8

15.7

10.9

21.3*

11.3

21.7*

11.2

8.2

Prevalence of asthma at 18 years of age (n = 552)

19.6

20.6

24.9*

15.7

36.1*

16.2

35.7*

16.4

10.9

Prevalence of asthma at 26 years of age (n = 484)

16.4

17.5

20.2

14.1

29.8

13.4

28.6*

15.6

5.9

 

mean or median γ

Birth weight (grams, n = 571),

3263*

3453

3270*

3434

3380

3350

3269

3363

3441*

Cord serum IgE (kU/L, n = 514)

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.6

0.6

0.6

Duration of breastfeeding (weeks, n = 542)

8

10

8

9

8

8

6.5

8.0

11.0

Height at age 4 years (cm, n = 462)

101.7*

104.9

101.7*

104.8

103.5

103.3

102.1

103.5

104.5*

  1. * indicating statistical significance p ≤ 0.05 based on Chi-square tests for dichotomous variables and Wilcoxon (non-parametric) tests for continuous variables
  2. γ Median for cord serum IgE and duration of breastfeeding, mean for birth weight and height at age 4 years
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Respiratory Research

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