| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | CODA | KOLD |  | CODA | KOLD |  |
 | LSMean ± SE | LSMean ± SE | P | LSMean ± SE | LSMean ± SE | P |
CAT score | 23.10 ± 2.64 | 11.70 ± 2.20 |  < .001 |  |  |  |
Pulmonary function test | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (L) | 1.60 ± 0.13 | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 0.040 |  |  |  |
 Pre-bronchodilator FVC (L) | 2.59 ± 0.18 | 2.79 ± 0.13 | 0.409 |  |  |  |
 Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (L) | 1.72 ± 0.12 | 1.40 ± 0.09 | 0.048 |  |  |  |
 Post-bronchodilator FVC (L) | 2.86 ± 0.18 | 2.93 ± 0.12 | 0.769 |  |  |  |
 Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.001 |  |  |  |
 BDR, bronchodilator response | 10.20 ± 2.84 | 12.00 ± 2.01 | 0.629 |  |  |  |
CT measurement | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean wall area (%) | 70.20 ± 1.26 | 67.70 ± 0.90 | 0.121 | 70.20 ± 1.21 | 66.80 ± 0.88 | 0.028 |
 Emphysema index | 6.07 ± 3.06 | 20.0 ± 2.21 |  < .001 | 6.12 ± 2.88 | 17.30 ± 2.10 | 0.002 |
 Emphysema index, log-transformed/exponential | 4.45 ± 1.28 | 16.1 ± 1.19 |  < .001 | 4.46 ± 1.27 | 13.60 ± 1.19 |  < .001 |
 The ratio of mean lung density (expiration/inspiration) | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 0.452 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 0.077 |