Fig. 4From: Sputum sample positivity for Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evaluation of association with positivity at earlier stable disease timepointsRisk ratio values for Moraxella catarrhalis presence at exacerbation. Shown as risk ratio for M. catarrhalis presence at first exacerbation, given M. catarrhalis presence or absence at a the screening visit or b any stable visit within 90 days before the first exacerbation. c Risk ratio for M. catarrhalis presence at second exacerbation, given M. catarrhalis presence or absence at any stable visit within 90 days before the second exacerbation (Full cohort, Year 1 and Year 2). a p-value = 0.03 for PCR; b p-value < 0.01 for PCR; c p-value = 0.03 for culture. Other p-values not statistically significant. 95% CI, 95% confidence intervalBack to article page