Relationship between gut microbiota and lung function decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 1-year follow-up study

Table 1 The clinical characteristics of control and decline groups

Variables	Control group	Decline group	p value
Male (n)	27	28
Age (years)
Mean ± SD (range)	70 ± 10 (50–89)	74 ± 9 (51–90)	0.105^a
BH (m)
Mean ± SD (range)	1.66 ± 0.06 (1.50–1.77)	1.63 ± 0.07 (1.50–1.77)	0.238^a
BW (kg)
Mean ± SD (range)	62 ± 11 (43–81)	60 ± 9 (40–75)	0.442^a
BMI
Mean ± SD (range)	22.62 ± 3.78 (14.88–29.72)	22.50 ± 3.45 (15.96–29.14)	0.901^a
Smoking (n)
Current smoker	9	7	0.777^c
Former smoker	15	18
Never smoker	3	3
WBC (per µl)
Median (range)	7060 (2580–14,410)	6980 (4090–19,590)	0.685^b
Eosinophil (%)
Median (range)	1.9 (0.0–36.1)	2.1 (0.2–10.9)	0.246^b
Eosinophil (per µl)
Median (range)	133 (0–4166)	166 (19–701)	0.229^b
Stages (n)
Stage 1	8	14	0.111^c
Stage 2	12	12
Stage 3	7	2
CAT
Mean ± SD	9.93 ± 6.68	8.68 ± 6.02	0.470^a
Score < 10 (n)	14	19	0.226^c
Score ≧ 10 (n)	13	9
mMRC
Mean ± SD	0.96 ± 0.98	0.89 ± 1.17	0.810^a
Score < 2 (n)	17	21	0.334^c
Score ≧ 2 (n)	10	7
AE (n)
Yes	7	3	0.144^c
No	20	25
Medication (n)
LABA	1	2	0.175^c
LAMA	5	4
LAMA + LABA	7	10
ICS + LABA	7	1
ICS + LAMA + LABA	7	11

SD standard deviation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n number of subjects, BH body height, WB body weight, BMI body mass index, WBC white blood cell, AE acute exacerbation, CAT COPD Assessment Test, mMRC Modified Medical Research Council, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in one second, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, LABA long-acting beta agonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, ^aThe statistical analysis was tested by t test; ^bThe statistical analysis was tested by Mann–Whitney test; ^cThe statistical analysis was tested by χ²-test

ISSN: 1465-993X