Parameters | All patients (n = 105) | Normal exercise capacity (n = 68) | Reduced exercise capacity (n = 37) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise capacity assessment (CPET) | ||||
Wrmax, W | 116.14 ± 51.67 | 130.74 ± 53.39 | 89.32 ± 35.55 | 0.0002 |
HRmax, bpm | 139.43 ± 25.80 | 143.51 ± 26.38 | 131.92 ± 23.21 | 0.013 |
Breathing reserve, % | 25.49 ± 19.13 | 21.14 ± 18.38 | 33.14 ± 18.23 | 0.009 |
V'O2max, ml/min | 1523.89 ± 552.69 | 1718.90 ± 540.20 | 1165.49 ± 368.13 | < 0.0001 |
V'CO2max, ml/min | 1764.03 ± 696.62 | 1991.90 ± 700.66 | 1345.24 ± 458.19 | < 0.0001 |
RER | 1.15 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 0.979 |
V'O2max/BW, ml/min/kg | 18.28 ± 5.34 | 20.15 ± 5.16 | 14.84 ± 3.75 | < 0.0001 |
VO2max/kg leg muscle mass (ml/kg leg/min) | 86.4 ± 21.8 | 95.7 ± 18.5 | 68.5 ± 16 | < 0.0001 |
Anaerobic threshold %VO2 max predicted | 62.7 ± 19.8 | 71.1 ± 17.4 | 45.96 ± 12.2 | < 0.0001 |
Respiratory frequency, breathe/min | 38.98 ± 8.87 | 39.76 ± 8.56 | 37.55 ± 9.36 | 0.319 |
VO2/HR, ml/beat | 11.12 ± 3.30 | 12.18 ± 3.27 | 9.02 ± 2.17 | < 0.0001 |
VO2/HR, % predicted | 86.32 ± 19.59 | 96.62 ± 14.69 | 66.03 ± 9.58 | < 0.0001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.57 ± 1.54 | 13.99 ± 1.39 | 12.77 ± 1.52 | < 0.0001 |
6-min walking distance, m | 485.18 ± 111.08 | 494.02 ± 109.47 | 469.22 ± 113.72 | 0.285 |
Pulmonary function | ||||
FVC, L | 3.49 ± 1.11 | 3.67 ± 1.18 | 3.17 ± 0.88 | 0.026 |
FVC, % predicted | 84.90 ± 18.08 | 90.54 ± 16.69 | 74.54 ± 15.99 | < 0.0001 |
FEV1, L | 2.78 ± 0.82 | 2.91 ± 0.83 | 2.55 ± 0.76 | 0.030 |
FEV1, % predicted | 87.45 ± 18.62 | 93.26 ± 16.38 | 76.76 ± 17.92 | < 0.0001 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 80 ± 7 | 81 ± 8 | 80 ± 7 | 0.828 |
TLC, L | 5.42 ± 1.24 | 5.57 ± 1.35 | 5.13 ± 0.93 | 0.081 |
TLC, % predicted | 83.70 ± 14.72 | 87.88 ± 13.79 | 75.81 ± 13.24 | < 0.0001 |
DLCO, % predicted | 71.27 ± 19.34 | 74.66 ± 20.48 | 65.14 ± 15.53 | 0.015 |
KCO, % | 93.87 ± 17.56 | 94.79 ± 17.59 | 92.19 ± 17.62 | 0.472 |
PaO2, mmHg | 89.04 ± 9.35 | 87.82 ± 9.68 | 90.81 (8.7) | 0.173 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 37.08 ± 4.97 | 37.21 ± 2.5 | 36.84 ± 7.24 | 0.73 |
Skeletal muscle mass and function | ||||
ASMMI, kg/m2 | 7.85 ± 1.17 | 8.13 ± 1.19 | 7.36 ± 0.94 | 0.001 |
Sarcopenia (%) | 21 (21) | 7 (10.9) | 14 (38.9) | 0.001 |
Grip test, kg | 34.42 ± 10.37 | 36.33 ± 10.71 | 31.5 ± 9.27 | 0.047 |
Pinch test, kg | 6.66 ± 2.17 | 7.04 ± 2.31 | 6.07 ± 1.82 | 0.054 |
Transthoracic echocardiography | ||||
CO, L/min | 5.71 ± 1.37 | 5.88 ± 1.44 | 5.44 ± 1.24 | 0.182 |
LVMi, g/m2 | 84.43 ± 24.5 | 79.31 ± 18.01 | 93.43 ± 31.34 | 0.012 |
LVEF (2D), % | 60.25 ± 6.06 | 60.31 ± 5.75 | 60.13 ± 6.64 | 0.898 |
Global longitudinal strain, % | − 17.24 ± 2.45 | − 17.59 ± 2.39 | − 16.66 ± 2.49 | 0.114 |
E/A ratio | 0.89 ± 0.33 | 0.90 ± 0.34 | 0.88 ± 0.32 | 0.767 |
E/E' ratio | 7.1 ± 2.20 | 7.10 ± 2.03 | 7.12 ± 2.56 | 0.971 |
E' lateral, cm/s | 9.46 ± 3.07 | 9.54 ± 3.36 | 9.29 ± 2.44 | 0.733 |
LAVi, mL | 28.15 ± 9.78 | 27.82 ± 8.77 | 28.70 ± 11.39 | 0.697 |
RVEDs, cm2 | 17.43 ± 4.45 | 16.70 ± 4.34 | 18.65 ± 4.45 | 0.077 |
TAPSE, mm | 21.49 ± 3.33 | 21.74 ± 3.47 | 21.04 ± 3.05 | 0.389 |
S’ wave, cm/s | 12.79 ± 2.08 | 12.72 ± 2.01 | 12.95 ± 2.26 | 0.663 |
TRV, m/s | 2.32 ± 0.34 | 2.30 ± 0.32 | 2.35 ± 0.37 | 0.656 |
systolic PAP, mmHg | 25 ± 6.05 | 24.61 ± 5.65 | 25.5 ± 6.66 | 0.646 |
PAcT, ms | 119.7 ± 27.53 | 125.84 ± 25.95 | 106.6 ± 27 | 0.024 |
RA area, cm2 | 14.68 ± 4.42 | 14.35 ± 4.42 | 15.30 ± 4.44 | 0.387 |