Controls (n = 10) | Patients with COVID-19 (n = 10) | p-value | Dyspnea level in patients with COVID-19 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No/mild (n = 4) | Moderate (n = 4) | Severe (n = 2) | p-value* | ||||
Age (years) | 61 ± 7 | 58 ± 9 | n.s | – | – | – | n.s |
Proportion of males, % | 70 | 70 | n.s | – | – | – | n.s |
Non-volitional invasive RMS | |||||||
CMS TwPdi, cmH2O [LLN. 19.0 (M/F)] | 22 ± 6 | 20 ± 8 | n.s | 16 ± 4 | 26 ± 10 | 17 ± 1 | n.s |
COMS TwPdi, cmH2O [LLN. 9.7 (M), 11.3 (F)] | 14 ± 9 | 16 ± 9 | n.s | 21 ± 11 | 13 ± 4 | 11 ± 17 | n.s |
Volitional invasive RMS | |||||||
Sniff Pdi, cmH2O [LLN. 78 (M), 57 (F)] | 79 ± 24 | 71 ± 30 | n.s | 92 ± 40 | 57 ± 8 | 57 ± 1 | 0.04 |
Sniff Pes, cmH2O [LLN. − 57 (M), − 41 (F)] | − 54 ± 16 | − 54 ± 27 | n.s | − 71 ± 38 | − 46 ± 11 | − 38 ± 8 | n.s |
Mueller Pdi, cmH2O [LLN. 63 (M), 48 (F)] | 80 ± 38 | 52 ± 41 | n.s | 66 ± 26 | 57 ± 55 | 25 ± 14 | 0.05 |
Mueller Pes, cmH2O [LLN. − 11 (M), − 13 (F)] | − 26 ± 25 | − 35 ± 38 | n.s | − 40 ± 31 | − 39 ± 34 | − 20 ± 4 | n.s |
Twitch interpolation | |||||||
DVAI, % [LLN. 31 (M/F)] | 73 ± 6 | 48 ± 17 | < 0.01 | 62 ± 9 | 46 ± 8 | 23 ± 3 | 0.02 |
Diaphragm ultrasound | |||||||
Amplitude TB, cm [LLN. 1.2 (M/F)] | 1.46 ± 0.61 | 1.46 ± 0.61 | n.s | 1.25 ± 0.29 | 1.60 ± 0.52 | 1.50 ± 0.71 | n.s |
Velocity TB, cm/sec [LLN. 0.8 (M/F)] | 1.202 ± 0.59 | 1.12 ± 0.57 | n.s | 1.25 ± 0.50 | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 1.00 ± 0.73 | n.s |
Sniff velocity, cm/sec [LLN. 6.7 (M), 5.2 (F)] | 6.22 ± 1.26 | 6.23 ± 1.90 | n.s | 7.00 ± 0.82 | 6.95 ± 1.33 | 3.25 ± 1.77 | 0.02 |
Thickness at FRC, cm [LLN. 0.17 (M), 0.15 (F)] | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | n.s | 0.22.0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | n.s |
Thickness at TLC, cm [LLN 0.46 (M), 0.35 (F)] | 0.58 ± 0.27 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | n.s |
DTR [LLN 2.2 (M/F)] | 2.76 ± 0.72 | 1.87 ± 0.37 | < 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.38 | 1.91 ± 0.48 | 1.86 ± 0.19 | n.s |
DTf, % [LLN 120 (M/F)] | 126 ± 74 | 87 ± 37 | < 0.01 | 76 ± 38 | 97 ± 48 | 86 ± 19 | n.s |