Table 4 Factors associated with the severe persistent (SP) respiratory impairment cluster
SP cluster | NSP cluster | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 18 | 41 | ||
Clustering factors | ||||
DLCO, % pred | 47.9 ± 12.2 | 76.5 ± 10.6 | < 0.0001 | |
TLC, % pred | 84.0 ± 13.5 | 106.2 ± 17.7 | < 0.0001 | |
6MWD, m | 299 ± 141 | 480 ± 65 | < 0.0001 | |
Associated factors | ||||
Demography | ||||
Age | 67.8 ± 10.9 | 60.2 ± 12.5 | 0.024 | |
COVID-19 features at admission | ||||
Delay from symptoms onset to admission, days | 5 [9] | 8 [3] | 0.014 | |
Diarrhea at diagnosis | 6 (3.3) | 27 (65.9) | 0.021 | |
3-months assessment | ||||
Dyspnea (mMRC score ≥ 2) | 11 (61.1) | 12 (29.3) | 0.021 | |
Cough (CASA-Q) | ||||
Symptom | 74.1 ± 21.4 | 84.8 ± 11.9 | 0.017 | |
Impact | 79.5 ± 23.9 | 92.6 ± 10.1 | 0.004 | |
Sputum (CASA-Q) | ||||
Impact | 89.6 ± 14.5 | 92.8 ± 14.0 | 0.037 | |
Lung function | ||||
FEV1, % pred | 80.7 ± 13.1 | 101.1 ± 18.2 | < 0.0001 | |
FVC, % pred | 77.8 ± 15.3 | 103.7 ± 17.5 | < 0.0001 | |
CPI | 46.2 ± 11.1 | 21.0 ± 8.1 | < 0.0001 | |
6MWD < 350 m | 11 (61.1) | 1 (2.4) | < 0.0001 | |
PaO2, mm Hg | 84.8 ± 10.8 | 92.0 ± 14.6 | 0.043 | |
CT score | 8.0 [25.0] | 7.0 [11.0] | 0.043 | |
Quality of life | ||||
SGRQ Total | 38.3 [27.9] | 68.8 [20.1] | 0.009 | |
Sarcopenia assessment | ||||
SARC-F | 3 [2.5] | 0 [0–4] | < 0.001 | |
Grip strenght (women) | 15 [11.5] | 24 [8.8] | 0.017 | |
Grip strenght (men) | 26 [15.5] | 35 [16.0] | 0.003 | |
ALMI (men) | 7.6 [1.5] | 8.3 [1.3] | 0.023 | |
Sarcopenia or presarcopenia | 12 (66.7) | 12 (29.3) | 0.010 | |
Psychological assessment | ||||
PCLS scorea ≥ 44 | 5 (33.3) | 4 (10.3) | 0.042 | |