Table 2 Comparison in clinical, functional, laboratory parameters and radiological situation at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge
Variables | At 3 months | At 12 months | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Dyspnea according to mMRC | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
Dyspnea ≥ 1, N (%) | 89 (45.9) | 77 (39.7) | 0.38 |
Dyspnea ≥ 2, N (%) | 20 (10.3) | 21 (10.8) | 0.70 |
Dyspnea | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.84 |
Health status according to Nottingham Health Profile | N = 189 | N = 189 | |
Energy | 0 (0–33) | 0 (0–33) | 0.53 |
Pain | 0 (0–40.6) | 0 (0–37.5) | 0.72 |
Physical mobility | 12.5 (0–37) | 12.5 (0–37.5) | 0.52 |
Emotional reactions | 11.1 (0–33.3) | 11.1 (0–33.3) | 0.61 |
Sleep | 20 (0–60) | 20 (0–60) | 0.72 |
Social isolation | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.89 |
Number of limited areas | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–5) | 0.64 |
Spirometry | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
FVC, % of predicted | 103 (92–115) | 107 (98–117) | 0.0001 |
FVC < LLN, N (%) | 10 (5.2) | 3 (1.6) | 0.03 |
FEV1, % of predicted | 103 (92–115) | 105 (93–115) | 0.32 |
FEV1 < LLN, N (%) | 15 (7.7) | 7 (3.6) | 0.02 |
Gas difusión | N = 189 | N = 187 | |
DLNO, % of predicted | 79 (68.5–87.5) | 83 (73–93) | 0.0001 |
DLNO < LLN, N (%) | 55 (29.1) | 36 (19.3) | 0.02 |
DLCO, % of predicted | 86 (74–97) | 94 (83–109) | 0.0001 |
DLCO < LLN, N (%) | 32 (16.9) | 18 (9.6) | 0.02 |
VA, % of predicted | 87 (78.5–94) | 97 (89–110) | 0.0001 |
KNO, % of predicted | 90 (83–99) | 86 (80–93) | 0.0001 |
KNO < LLN, N (%) | 18 (9.5) | 21 (11.2) | 0.39 |
KCO, % of predicted | 96 (84–105) | 93 (83–102) | 0.0001 |
KCO < LLN, N (%) | 10 (5.3) | 10 (5.3) | 0.99 |
DMCO, % of predicted | 69 (57–79.5) | 71 (60–81) | 0.001 |
DMCO/VA, % of predicted | 83 (74–93.7) | 78 (69–86) | 0.0001 |
Vc, % of predicted | 85 (74–98) | 97 (84–110) | 0.0001 |
Vc/VA, % of predicted | 101 (88–112.5) | 100 (89–113) | 0.40 |
DLNO/DLCO | 4.5 (4.3–4.6) | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) | 0.0001 |
DMCO/Vc | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.0001 |
Exercise capacity (6MWT) | N = 181 | N = 179 | |
6-min walking distance, m | 456 (391–521) | 510 (465–558) | 0.0001 |
Initial oxygen saturation, % | 98 (97–99) | 98 (97–98) | 0.08 |
Final oxygen saturation, % | 97 (95–98) | 97 (96–97) | 0.23 |
Initial Borg scale dyspnea (1–10) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.64 |
Final Borg scale dyspnea (1–10) | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–5) | 0.41 |
Laboratory parameters | N = 192 | N = 192 | |
D-dimer, ng/mL | 339 (225–565-5) | 328 (315–515) | 0.09 |
Lactate deshydrogenase, U/L | 195 (173–217) | 191 (163–308) | 0.06 |
Chest X-ray | N = 194 | N = 194 | |
Persistence of any lung injuries, N (%) | 54 (27.8) | 11 (5.7) | 0.0001 |
Chest CT | N = 87 | N = 70 | |
Score extension affectation | 6 (0–11) | 5 (3–8) | 0.0001 |
Ground glass opacities > 25%, N (%) | 27 (31) | 13 (18.6) | 0.0001 |
Presence of reticulation, N (%) | 24 (27.6) | 21 (30) | 0.38 |
Presence of bronchiectasis, N (%) | 18 (20.7) | 20 (28.6) | 0.80 |