Table 1 Clinical characteristic of study population at enrollment
CARDS cases (n = 16) | IC controls (n = 12) | Healthy controls (n = 12) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male, n | 12 (75%) | 8 (67%) | 6 (50%) |
Female, n | 4 (25%) | 4 (33%) | 6 (50%) |
Age, years | 60 [51–73] | 57 [46–61] | 53 [39–58] |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 31 [27–40] | 25 [22–27] | 24 [20–26] |
SOFA score | 5 [5–6] | n.a. | n.a. |
Comorbidities a | |||
Diabetes, n | 5 (31%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
Hypertension, n | 5 (31%) | 2 (17%) | 0 (0%) |
COPD, n | 2 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Chronic kidney disease, n | 2 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Chronic liver disease, n | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Active neoplasms, n | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
No significant comorbidities, n | 6 (38%) | 7 (58%) | 12 (100%) |
Laboratory data | |||
White blood cells (x109/L) | 10 [8–13] | 6 [6–9] | 12 [11–13] |
Neutrophils (x109/L) | 8 [6–10] | 4 [3–6] | 6 [5–7] |
Lymphocytes (x109/L) | 0.8 [0.7– 1.1] | 2 [1–2] | 1.3 [1.1–1.4] |
C-reactive protein (mg/ml) | 86 [42–140] | 17 [15–27] | 35 [16–65] |
In-hospital terapies | |||
Prolonged corticosteroids, n | 16 (100%) | 12 (100%)b | 0 (0%) |
Antiviral, n | 3 (19%) | 12 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
Antibacterial, n | 16 (100%) | 12 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
Antimycotic, n | 9 (56%) | 12 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
Anticoagulants, n | 16 (100%) | 12 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
Anakinra, n | 2 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Outcomes | |||
ICU LOS, days | 21 [15–29] | 5 [4–6] | 4 [4–5] |
H LOS, days | 32 [29–60] | 36 [32–41] | 4 [4–5] |
ICU mortality, n | 5 (31%) | 0 (0%) | – |
H mortality, n | 5 (31%) | 0 (0%) | – |