Table 1 Maternal and neonatal characteristics of the total study population
Total cohort (n = 126) | Excluded (n = 18) | p-value | Low reads (n = 38) | Included (n = 70) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestation [weeks] | 28 [26, 29] | 25 [24, 27] | < 0.001 | 28 [26, 29] | 28 [27, 30] | 0.42 |
Birthweight [g] | 950 [700, 1293] | 570 [468, 738] | < 0.001 | 950 [800, 1173] | 970 [824, 1383] | 0.27 |
z-score birth weight | − 0.57 [− 1.11, − 0.10] | − 1.65 [− 2.05, − 0.66] | 0.0024 | − 0.55 [− 1.11, 0.08] | − 0.41 [− 0.97, − 0.06] | 0.57 |
z-score weight at 36 weeks gestational age | − 1.04 [− 1.41, − 0.54] (na = 11) | − 1.56 [− 2.05, − 0.89] (na = 6) | 0.09 | − 0.81 [− 1.28, − 0.81] (na = 3) | − 1.04 [− 1.36, − 0.55] (na = 2) | 0.51 |
Δz-score (weight 36 weeks gestational age – birth) | − 0.41 [− 0.74, 0.00] (na = 11) | − 0.15 [− 0.66, 0.60] (na = 6) | 0.25 | − 0.30 [− 0.62, − 0.00] (na = 3) | − 0.48 [− 0.79, − 0.03] (na = 2) | 0.17 |
Small for gestational age | 26 (21%) | 10 (56%) | < 0.001 | 8 (21%) | 8 (11%) | 0.29 |
Female | 56 (45%) | 5 (28%) | 0.20 | 19 (50%) | 32 (46%) | 0.82 |
Caesarean section | 122 (97%) | 18 (100%) | 1.00 | 37 (97%) | 67 (96%) | 1 |
Singleton | 70 (56%) | 9 (50%) | 0.80 | 20 (53%) | 41 (59%) | 0.70 |
APGAR 5' | 9 [8, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 0.052 | 9 [8, 9] | 9 [8, 9] | 0.68 |
APGAR 10' | 10 [9, 10] | 9 [9, 10] | 0.068 | 9 [9, 10] | 10 [9, 10] | 0.10 |
Maternal age | 32 [27, 36] | 30 [25, 34] | 0.26 | 33 [28, 37] | 33 [29, 36] | 0.66 |
Maternal BMI at birth | 30 [26, 34] | 31 [26, 34] | 0.43 | 30 [26, 34] (na = 4) | 29 [26, 34] (na = 1) | 0.67 |
Nicotine | 16 (13%) (na = 2) | 3 (17%) | 0.70 | 4 (11%) (na = 1) | 9 (13%) (na = 1) | 0.98 |
Antibiotics before birth | 36 (29%) (na = 4) | 5 (28%) | 1.00 | 11 (29%) (na = 3) | 20 (29%) (na = 1) | 0.98 |
Histological chorioamnionitis | 25 (20%) (na = 4) | 3 (17%) (na = 2) | 1.00 | 6 (16%) (na = 1) | 16 (23%) (na = 1) | 0.55 |
Cause for premature birth | 1.00 | 0.47 | ||||
AIS | 52 (41%) | 7 (39%) | 13 (34%) | 32 (46%) | ||
HELLP/preeclampsia | 28 (22%) | 4 (22%) | 11 (29%) | 13 (17%) | ||
IUGR | 20 (16%) | 3 (17%) | 5 (13%) | 12 (17%) | ||
Other | 26 (21%) | 4 (22%) | 9 (24%) | 13 (19%) | ||
BPD | 75 (60%) (na = 7) | 11 (61%) (na = 7) | 0.0067 | 25 (66%) | 39 (56%) | 0.42 |
BPD severity | < 0.001 | 0.47 | ||||
No | 44 (34%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (34%) | 31 (44%) | ||
Mild | 42 (33%) | 3 (17%) | 14 (37%) | 25 (36%) | ||
Moderate/severe | 33 (26%) | 8 (44%) | 11 (29%) | 14 (20%) | ||
ANCS | 0.14 | 0.75 | ||||
None/ < 24 h | 30 (24%) | 4 (22%) | 9 (24%) | 17 (24%) | ||
ANCS 24 h – 7 d | 68 (54%) | 13 (72%) | 21 (55%) | 34 (49%) | ||
ANCS > 7 d | 28 (22%) | 1 (6%) | 8 (21%) | 19 (27%) | ||
ROP | 51 (40%) (na = 6) | 10 (56%) (na = 6) | 0.0040 | 18 (47%) | 23 (33%) | 0.20 |
ROP treatment | 13 (10%) | 6 (33%) | 0.011 | 3 (8%) | 4 (6%) | 0.74 |
PVL | 4 (3%) | 2 (11%) | 0.097 | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.12 |
IVH | 8 (6%) | 3 (17%) | 0.087 | 1 (3%) | 4 (6%) | 0.65 |
Nosocomial infection | 24 (19%) | 9 (50%) | 0.0010 | 8 (21%) | 7 (10%) | 0.20 |