Fig. 3

FANA-R8-9 aptamer-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HAE cultures is sequence-specific. HAE cultures were inoculated with the indicated treatments at 0, 24, and 48 h, (as outlined in Fig. 2A), then fixed at 72 h. The percentage of viral antigen-positive area was then quantified following en face immunofluorescence staining and imaging of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in fixed cultures. Individual biological replicates are shown (n = 3 replicates per condition, per donor; 2 donors (1 donor was assayed twice, in independent experiments) with the bar representing the mean ± SEM. Experimental results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test (between No Aptamer and FANA-R8-9 conditions) or one-way ANOVA (between No Aptamer and all aptamer controls) and data are non-significant (NS) or significant (***p < 0.001) where indicated