Fig. 4

The SHAP summary plot illustrates 20 feature clusters, where the values of a specific feature (such as average, minimum, and maximum) are aggregated. The features are arranged in descending order on the y-axis, based on their mean absolute impact on the prediction. The SHAP value for each feature is represented by the distance of the dot from the x-axis at x = 0. A farther distance indicates a greater effect (positive or negative) that the feature had on the machine learning model’s output. The color of the dot corresponds to the original feature values, ranging from low (blue) to high (magenta), as indicated by the color bar