Associations of a plant-centered diet and lung function across early to mid-adulthood: The CARDIA Lung Study

Respiratory Research

Table 3 Cross-sectional associations between the APDQS and pulmonary function measures at each exam year

	Estimated slopes per 1-SD higher of the APDQS^b
	ß ± SE	P-value
FVC, % predicted
Year 0	1.33 ± 0.20	< 0.001
Year 2	1.16 ± 0.19	< 0.001
Year 5	1.22 ± 0.19	< 0.001
Year 10	1.38 ± 0.21	< 0.001
Year 20	1.18 ± 0.23	< 0.001
Year 30	1.35 ± 0.24	< 0.001
FEV1, % predicted
Year 0	1.06 ± 0.21	< 0.001
Year 2	1.15 ± 0.21	< 0.001
Year 5	1.13 ± 0.20	< 0.001
Year 10	1.31 ± 0.23	< 0.001
Year 20	1.11 ± 0.25	< 0.001
Year 30	1.27 ± 0.26	< 0.001
FEV1/FVC ratio, %
Year 0	− 0.39 ± 0.13	0.003
Year 2	− 0.11 ± 0.13	0.37
Year 5	− 0.20 ± 0.12	0.10
Year 10	− 0.14 ± 0.14	0.32
Year 20	− 0.18 ± 0.15	0.23
Year 30	− 0.21 ± 0.16	0.18

^aLinear mixed effect models fitted to the repeated measures of lung function, with random intercepts and fixed slopes of HEI-2015 × time interaction. N = 3787 (no. of observations = 20,134). Covariates included current age, time variables (Years 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30), and time interactions with race (Black and White), sex, center (Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Oakland), maximal educational attainment, height, total energy intake (Years 0, 7, 20), BMI (Years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20), and lifetime pack-years of smoking (Years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20). All covariates were time-varying except for race, sex, and height
^b1 SD was 13. APDQS Y0 was used for analyses of lung function at Y0, 2, and 5. APDQS average Y0, 7 (Y0 carried forward for missing Y7) was used for analyses of lung function at Y10. APDQS average Y0, 7, 20 (missing carried forward) was used for analyses of lung function at Y10, 20, and 30
^cIncluding all years of peak lung function without adjustment for year of peak

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