Fig. 2

Expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components mRNA and mitochondria- and senescence-related proteins in human lung tissues of non-smokers (n = 10), smokers (n = 10) and COPD (n = 20) patients. Quantitative real-time PCR is employed to measure the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (A), IL-6 (B), CXCL1 (C), and CXCL8 (D) in relation to β-actin. Data are displayed as individual and mean values of fold changes compared to non-smokers. Mitochondria-related proteins including phosphorylated-DRP1 (p-DRP1)/DRP1 (E), DRP1(F), MFF (G), MFN2 (H), OPA1 (I), PINK1 (J), PARK2 (K) and SQSTM1/p62 (L) and LC3b II/ LC3b I (M), and senescence-related proteins including P16 (N), H2A.X (O) and Klotho (P) are measured by Western blot. Every panel incorporates an illustrative Western blot image, and data are presented as individual and mean values of each protein. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001