Fig. 5

Effects of leflunomide (10µM) and BGP15 (15µM) on mitochondria-related proteins and senescence-related proteins, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in A549 cells in the presence and absence cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mitochondria-related protein levels of MFN2 (A) and OPA1 (B), phosphorylated-DRP1 (p-DRP1)/DRP1 (C), MFF (D), PINK1 (E), PARK2 (F), SQSTM1/p62 (G) and LC3b II/ LC3b I (H) and senescence-related protein levels of P16 (I), H2A.X (J) and Klotho (K) are measured by Western blot. N = 6 in each group. Every panel incorporates an illustrative Western blot image, and the data are presented as individual and mean values of each protein. Results of mitochondrial activities are presented as oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (L), and graphical analysis of basal (M) and maximal (N) respiration and on ATP production (O). N = 4 in each group. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001