| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis (model 1) | Multivariable analysis (model 2) | Multivariable analysis (model 3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value |
Age (year) | 1.027 (1.006, 1.047) | 0.009 | 1.051 (1.029, 1.074) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
Sex (reference: female) | 1.368 (0.921, 2.031) | 0.120 | 1.805 (1.004, 3.244) | 0.049 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.955 (0.901, 1.013) | 0.125 | 0.876 (0.823, 0.933) | < 0.001 | 0.871 (0.816, 0.929) | < 0.001 |  |  |
Change in BMI during the first year post-diagnosis (kg/m2) | 0.922 (0.804, 1.058) | 0.248 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.995 (0.863, 1.147) | 0.941 |
Smoking history (reference: never smoker) | 1.328 (0.932, 1.892) | 0.117 | 1.203 (0.727, 1.988) | 0.472 | 1.187 (0.818, 1.721) | 0.367 | Â | Â |
Antifibrotics (reference: no use) | 1.021 (0.703, 1.482) | 0.914 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Baseline GAP score | 1.662 (1.418, 1.948) | < 0.001 |  |  | 1.570 (1.326, 1.858) | < 0.001 |  |  |
Baseline FVC (% predicted) | 0.979 (0.968, 0.990) | < 0.001 | 0.986 (0.974, 0.998) | 0.027 |  |  |  |  |
Baseline DLCO (% predicted) | 0.978 (0.968, 0.987) | < 0.001 | 0.975 (0.963, 0.987) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
FVC decline ≥ 5% during the first year post-diagnosis (% predicted) (reference: FVC decline < 5%) | 2.244 (1.615, 3.118) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | 2.215 (1.582, 3.100) | < 0.001 |
DLCO decline ≥ 10% during the first year post-diagnosis (% predicted) (reference: DLCO decline < 10%) | 2.261 (1.577, 3.241) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | 2.278 (1.584, 3.274) | < 0.001 |
Baseline pulmonary artery diameter (mm) | 1.080 (1.037, 1.125) | < 0.001 | 1.082 (1.033, 1.133) | 0.001 | 1.090 (1.039, 1.144) | < 0.001 |  |  |
IPF extent on baseline CT (%) | 1.023 (1.011, 1.034) | < 0.001 | 1.007 (0.992, 1.023) | 0.359 | 1.018 (1.004, 1.032) | 0.009 |  |  |
Muscle area at T12-L1 on baseline CT (cm2) (reference: upper three quartiles) | 1.092 (0.751, 1.588) | 0.642 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Change in muscle area at T12-L1 during the first year post-diagnosis (cm2) (reference: upper three quartiles)* | 1.237 (0.854, 1.792) | 0.261 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Fat area at T12-L1 on baseline CT (cm2) (reference: upper three quartiles) | 0.998 (0.685, 1.454) | 0.992 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Change in the fat area at T12-L1 during the first year post-diagnosis (cm2) (reference: upper three quartiles)* | 1.619 (1.136, 2.307) | 0.008 | 1.566 (1.066, 2.300) | 0.022 | 1.503 (1.026, 2.202) | 0.036 | 1.495 (1.039, 2.151) | 0.030 |