Table 1 Dysregulated circRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis and their mechanisms of action
From: Circular RNAs and their roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Name | Cell type | Mechanism of action | Target genes and pathways | Effect | In vivo model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CircHIPK3 | Fibroblasts (MRC-5, NIH-3T3, mouse primary lung fibroblasts) | miRNA sponge | miR-3a-3p & FOXK2 Glycolysis | Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [123] |
Circ0044226 | Fibroblasts (WI-38, HPF) | miRNA sponge | miR-7 & SP1 TGFβ1 signaling | Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation | Bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [124] |
CircHIPK3 | Fibroblasts (WI-38) | miRNA sponge | miR-338-3p & SOX4, COL1A1 | Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation | Bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [125] |
CircANKRD42 | Fibroblasts (MRC-5) | miRNA sponge | miR-324-5p & YAP1 miR-136-5p & AJUBA YAP1 signaling and mechanical stiffness | Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation | Bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis and IPF blood | [126] |
Circ-949 and Circ-057 | Fibroblasts (L929) | miRNA sponge | miR-29b-2-5p | Fibroblast proliferation & activation | Bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [121] |
CircHIPK2 | Fibroblasts (HPF-α) | miRNA sponge | miR-506-3p | Fibroblast activation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [127] |
CircTADA2A | Fibroblasts (Normal and IPF HPF) | miRNA sponge | miR-526b & Cav-1 miR-203 & Cav-2 | Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation | Bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [128] |
CircSPON1 | Fibroblasts (Human fetal lung fibroblasts) | miRNA sponge | miR-942-5p/ miR-52f-3p & Smad-7 | Fibroblast activation | Bleomycin- induced mouse lung fibrosis | [129] |
CircHECTD1 | Fibroblasts (HPF) | unknown | HECTD1 Autophagy | Fibroblast activation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [130] |
Circ-012091 | Fibroblasts (I-929 and HPF) | unknown | PPP1R1B | Fibroblast proliferation & migration | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [131] |
CircRNA-662 CircRNA-949 | Fibroblasts (L929) | miRNA sponge | miR-29b & Gli2/STAT3 | Fibroblast activation | Bleomycin- induced mouse lung fibrosis | [132] |
Circ0000672 and Circ0005654 | Fibroblasts | Protein scaffold | elF4A3 | Fibroblast dysfunction | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [133] |
Circ0026344 | Fibroblasts (MRC-5) | miRNA sponge | miR-21 | Fibroblasts activation | Cigarette smoke-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [134] |
CircZC3H4 | Epithelial cells (MLE12) | miRNA sponge | miR-212 & ZC3H4 ER stress | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [135] |
Circ0044226 | Epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) | Protein sponge | CDC27 | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition | Â | [136] |
CircCDR1 | Epithelial cells (Pulmonary epithelial cells) | miRNA sponge | miR-7 & TGFBR2 | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition | Â | [137] |
Circ0000981 | Epithelial cells (Mouse lung TC-1) | miRNA sponge | miR-211-5p & TGFBR2 | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition | OVA (asthma)-induced pulmonary fibrosis | [138] |
CircHECTD1 | Endothelial cells (MML1, HUVEC) | Protein sponge | HECTD1 | Endothelial mesenchymal transition | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [61] |
CircHECTD1 | Macrophage (RAW264.7) | Protein sponge | HECTD1 ZC3H12A ubiquitination | Macrophage activation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [139] |
CircZC3H4 | Macrophages (RAW 264.7) | Protein scaffold | ZC3H4 | Macrophage activation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [140] |
circRNA11:120406118|12,040,782 | Macrophages (THP-1) | miRNA sponge | miR-30b-5p & NLRP3 inflammasomes & pyroptosis | Macrophage activation & pyroptosis | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [141] |
CircPWWP2A | Macrophages Fibroblasts (RAW 264.7, NIH/373) | miRNA sponge | miR-223-3p & NLRP3 | Macrophage activation | SiO2-induced mouse lung fibrosis | [142] |