Table 1 Biomarker potential of EVs in COPD

[73]

plasma

stable COPD patients,

exacerbated COPD patients,

healthy individuals

CD144+ EMPs,

CD31+ EMPs,

CD62E+ EMPs

[74]

plasma

COPD

control subjects

CD31+ EMPs,

CD62E+ EMPs

[75]

BALF

smokers with COPD,

smokers without COPD,

nonsmokers

CD14+

Macrophage microparticles

[77]

plasma

nonsmokers,

smoker,

COPD patients

upregulated

miR-22-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-320b, miR-320d;

downregulated

miR-335-5p, miR-628-3p, miR-887-5p, and miR-937-3p

[78]

plasma

COPD patients,

healthy individuals

miR-23a, miR-221, and miR-574

[79]

BALF and LungTissue

healthy non-smokers,

smokers,

patients with COPD or IPF

miR-122-5p

[80]

serum

patients with COPD, healthy controls

fibulin-3