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Table 2 Characteristics of COVID-19 patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease by wave

From: Impact of preexisting interstitial lung disease on mortality in COVID-19 patients from the early pandemic to the delta variant epidemic: a nationwide population-based study

  

Wavesa

  

Wild-type vs. Alphab

Alpha vs. Deltab

Wild-type vs. Deltab

Wild-type

n = 4,387

Alpha

n = 1,673

Delta

n = 1,273

 

Difference

% (95% CI)

Difference

% (95% CI)

Difference

% (95% CI)

Age, years:

75–79e

70–74e

65–69e

    

 20–49

274 (6.2)

129 (7.7)

226 (17.8)

 

1.5 (0 to 2.9)

10.0 (7.6 to 12.5)

11.5 (9.3 to 13.7)

 50–64

631 (14.4)

292 (17.5)

326 (25.6)

 

3.1 (1.0 to 5.2)

8.2 (5.1 to 11.2)

11.2 (8.6 to 13.8)

 65–79

1931 (44.0)

709 (42.4)

423 (33.2)

 

−1.6 (− 4.4 to 1.1)

−9.2 (− 12.7 to − 5.6)

−10.8 (− 13.8 to − 7.8)

 80+

1,551 (35.4)

543 (32.5)

298 (23.4)

 

−2.9 (− 5.6 to − 0.2)

−9.0 (− 12.3 to − 5.8)

−11.9 (− 14.7 to − 9.2)

Sex, male

2,558 (58.3)

962 (57.5)

661 (51.9)

 

−0.8 (− 3.6 to 2.0)

−5.6 (− 9.2 to − 2.0)

−6.4 (− 9.5 to − 3.3)

Comorbidity:

       

 Cerebrovascular disease

1,133 (25.8)

394 (23.6)

219 (17.2)

 

−2.3 (− 4.7 to 0.1)

−6.3 (− 9.3 to − 3.4)

−8.6 (− 11.1 to − 6.2)

 Malignancy

1,482 (33.8)

508 (30.4)

364 (28.6)

 

−3.4 (− 6.0 to − 0.8)

−1.8 (− 5.1 to 1.5)

−5.2 (− 8.0 to − 2.3)

 Renal disease

662 (15.1)

221 (13.2)

169 (13.3)

 

−1.9 (− 3.8 to 0.1)

0.1 (− 2.4 to 2.5)

−1.8 (− 4.0 to 0.3)

 Congestive heart failure

1906 (43.4)

681 (40.7)

455 (35.7)

 

−2.7 (− 5.5 to 0)

−5.0 (− 8.5 to − 1.4)

−7.7 (− 10.7 to − 4.7)

 Liver disease

1,210 (27.6)

445 (26.6)

308 (24.2)

 

−1.0 (− 3.5 to 1.5)

−2.4 (− 5.6 to 0.8)

−3.4 (− 6.1 to − 0.7)

 Diabetes mellitus

2,415 (55.0)

896 (53.6)

651 (51.1)

 

−1.5 (− 4.3 to 1.3)

−2.4 (− 6.1 to 1.2)

−3.9 (− 7.0 to − 0.8)

LTOT before COVID-19 diagnosis

383 (8.7)

106 (6.3)

79 (6.2)

 

−2.4 (− 3.8 to − 1.0)

−0.1 (− 1.9 to 1.6)

−2.5 (− 4.1 to − 1.0)

Treatment for COVID-19:

       

 Corticosteroidsc

1,894 (43.2)

752 (45.0)

394 (31.0)

 

1.8 (− 1.0 to 4.6)

−14.0 (− 17.5 to − 10.5)

−12.2 (− 15.2 to − 9.3)

  Steroid pulsed

480 (10.9)

169 (10.1)

60 (4.7)

 

−0.8 (− 2.6 to 0.9)

−5.4 (− 7.2 to − 3.5)

−6.2 (− 7.7 to − 4.7)

 Tocilizumab

150 (3.4)

79 (4.7)

47 (3.7)

 

1.3 (0.2 to 2.5)

−1.0 (− 2.5 to 0.4)

0.3 (− 0.9 to 1.4)

 Baricitinib

22 (0.5)

96 (5.7)

51 (4.0)

 

5.2 (4.1 to 6.4)

−1.7 (− 3.3 to − 0.2)

3.5 (2.4 to 4.6)

 Heparin

747 (17.0)

266 (15.9)

114 (9.0)

 

−1.1 (− 3.2 to 0.9)

−6.9 (− 9.3 to − 4.6)

−8.1 (− 10.0 to − 6.1)

Respiratory support care:

       

 Oxygen therapy

2,116 (48.2)

748 (44.7)

374 (29.4)

 

−3.5 (− 6.3 to − 0.7)

−15.3 (− 18.8 to − 11.9)

−18.9 (− 21.8 to − 15.9)

 High-flow nasal cannula

248 (5.7)

134 (8.0)

57 (4.5)

 

2.4 (0.9 to 3.8)

−3.5 (− 5.3 to − 1.8)

−1.2 (− 2.5 to 0.2)

 Mechanical ventilation

379 (8.6)

103 (6.2)

23 (1.8)

 

−2.5 (− 3.9 to − 1.1)

−4.4 (− 5.7 to − 3.0)

−6.8 (− 7.9 to − 5.7)

60-day mortality

700 (16.0)

244 (14.6)

95 (7.5)

 

−1.4 (− 3.4 to 0.6)

−7.1 (− 9.3 to − 4.9)

−8.5 (− 10.3 to − 6.7)

  1. Data are presented as number (%)
  2. a Wild-type-predominant wave, January 01, 2020–April 18, 2021; alpha-predominant wave, April 19, 2021–July 18, 2021; delta-predominant wave, July 19, 2021–August 31, 2021
  3. b Earlier wave was used as reference
  4. c Corticosteroids newly administered within 60 days of COVID-19 diagnosis or corticosteroid dosage increased within 60 days of diagnosis in patients who had been using corticosteroids prior to COVID-19 diagnosis
  5. d Corticosteroid use equivalent to 500 mg or more of methylprednisolone at least once within 60 days of COVID-19 diagnosis
  6. e Median age category
  7. CI, confidence interval; LTOT, long term oxygen therapy
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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