Fig. 2

Boxplots for topological measures of PRM maps PRM^Norm (green), PRM^fSAD (yellow), PRM^Emph (red) and PRM^PD (magenta) across all GOLD stages, “at-risk” (GOLD 0), and PRISm. Plots of (A) volume density, describing class magnitude (relative amounts of voxels) and (B) Euler-Poincaré characteristic, describing class homology, determined by number and type of holes within class volumes. Box plots were computed following standard protocol for box and whiskers; box lines determined by lower quartile (Q1), middle quartile / median (Q2) and upper quartile (Q3), and whiskers are drawn out to Q1–1.5 x IQR and Q3 + 1.5 x IQR for lower and upper limits, respectively. IQR = Q3-Q1. Outliers are defined as points beyond the given upper and lower limits and illustrated as black points with a random bounded horizontal perturbation beyond box whiskers